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EventLesotho’s Foreign Affairs Minister reveals details of agreement with Pik Botha
On 4 December 1981 Lesotho's Foreign Affairs Minister, Mr Mooki Molapo, told The Star of an agreement reached with the South African Minister of Foreign…
EventMore than a dozen people are killed, including seven children, in Kwamakhutha Massacre
From 1976 to 1996, political violence in KwaZulu Natal led to 11 700 deaths and the displacement of up to 500 000 people. The organization and savagery of the…
EventPresident Thabo Mbeki leads a government delegation to the funeral of former state president, P.W. Botha
Pieter Willem Botha was the prime minister and then president of South Africa from 1978 to 1989. He is commonly referred to as "Die Groot Krokodil" for his…
PlaceThe Fourth Raadsaal, Bloemfontein
The Raadsaal building which currently stands in President Brand Street, is the fourth such to have been Built by the old Republic of the Orange Free State…
ArticleBlack Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCMA)
The Black Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCMA) was the external arm of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), and had offices in Botswana, England, the…
Chapter 13
Zig Zags of opportunism We have considered it necessary in the previous chapter to pause and deal in more detail with certain facets of the situation, the…
Enuga S Reddy: Notes on meeting with Dr. Cassim Jadwat -1997
[Dr. Jadwat is from Natal; probably from Isipingo and later Durban. He was a student at Sastri College in Durban. [A.I. Kazi, leader of the Natal Indian…
PlaceSignal Hill
The Settlement at the Cape of Good Hope was founded by the Dutch in 1652 and the signal guns were originally part of the regular artillery at the Imhoff…
ArchiveThe exilic geographies of the South by Benjamin N. Lawrance and Vusumuzi R. Kumalo
In August 1960, Dugmore Boetie fled South Africa and entered Bechuanaland (present day Botswana) on foot. He was part of a flow of “discontented young men”…
Black Reaction to Apartheid, 1948-1973 - Address to the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association by O. R. Tambo, Syracuse, New York, United States of America, 1973
Examination of the black reaction to apartheid during the period 1948-1973 is topical and should help us to understand what is now happening in South Africa…
The turn to armed struggle
For several years, different liberation organisations debated engaging in armed struggle against the Apartheid state. Following the Sharpeville Massacre, the…
ArticleDrafting of the Final Constitution
Introduction The transition from the Apartheid era to the new democratic dispensation was a powerful and fundamental process for South Africans. With many…
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1920s
July, Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of South Africa (ICU) is established as national Black trade union in Bloemfontein. 11 September, Gerrit…
Document 2 - Against the C.A.D. for Full Democratic Rights [1943]
From: South Africa's Radical Tradition, a documentary history, Volume Two 1943 - 1964, by Allison Drew Document 2 - Against the C.A.D. for Full Democratic…
The Durban Strikes and the making of the Political Struggles in South Africa by Vuyisile Msila
This paper was submitted to the 1973 Durban Strikes Celebrating 50 Years Conference When the Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union (ICU) was formed in…
ArticleWomen in the schizophrenic 1940s - World War II and its aftermath
The 1940s opened with the devastating Second World War in full swing. This decade also marked the gradual transition from a mining and agricultural economy …
ArticleThe Nelson Mandela Presidency - 1994 to 1999
In 1991, Nelson Mandela was elected the president of the African National Congress (ANC), and his friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, was elected the ANC’s…
PlaceNgoye University of Zululand, Richards Bay
"Community Engagement at the University of Zululand is rooted within the African philosophy of Ubuntu which is guided by the principles of reciprocity,…
Search for a United Front against racism
1946 Salvation lies in Non-European Front — M.D. Naidoo The salvation of the Indian people in this country lay in a united front of non-Europeans. They could…
Chapter 4 - The Township Uprising, September-November 1984
Apartheid was brought to an end by the struggles of millions of ordinary people in townships, factories and rural areas. The insurrection of the 1980s was…
Book 5: People, Places and Apartheid - Chapter 4 - The Township Uprising, September-November 1984 by Noor Nieftagodien
From the book: Book 5: People, Places and Apartheid commissioned by The Department of Education Apartheid was brought to an end by the struggles of millions…
ArticleDavid Goldblatt Timeline
1930 Born in Randfontein, South Africa, in 1930, the third son of Eli Goldblatt and Olga Light, both of whom came to South Africa as children with their…
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK)
On 16 December, 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). The formation of the MK Umkhonto…
Women in the apartheid society by Fatima Meer
INTRODUCTION No significant change has occurred in South Africa in the last decade. Apartheid and racism continue their tyranny and the South African society…
ArticleArmed Struggle, the revival of armed activity 1970s-1980s
The independence of Mozambique, in particular, gave tremendous momentum to the armed struggle in South Africa. Jacob Zuma recalls that when Angola and…
Edendale and the birth of the ANC, 06 January 2012
1912 is a number that ought to be deeply etched in the minds of all Africans. For during 1912 achievement parted ways with pride and embraced selflessness. For…
Biographical contribution on Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala-Routledge
Names: Madlala-Routledge, Nozizwe Charlotte Born: 29 June 1952, Magog, KwaZulu-Natal In Summary: A student activist aligned to the Black Consciousness…
PlaceEzakheni Township of Ladysmith
Ezakheni is an African township that was built in the old KwaZulu homeland about 25km from the town of Ladysmith. The area was established in 1972 and its…
PlaceSedibeng District Municipality
The Sedibeng District Municipality is a Category C municipality situated on the Southern tip of the Gauteng Province and strategically located on the border of…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1910-1919
This period was characterized by events leading up to the formation of the African National Congress in 1912 as well as the organization’s early years. Events…