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ArchiveAll That Glitters - What is industrialisation? by Emilia Potenza
… those from the orphanages, were forced to work for 12 to 14 hours a day. Working conditions in the coal mines …
PlaceKruger National Park
… Iron Age site can be found on a prominent hillside just 12 km from the Phalaborwa gate on the tar road to Letaba rest …
Chapter 3 - Gumede’s role in NNC and SANNC Politics, 1909 – 1919 ‘We pray that the people be allowed to live in peace in their own land’.
… the National Convention which was scheduled for Durban on 12 October 1908, Gumede had taken the initiative to call for … and the deliberations of the…
Chapter 6 -The making of a black Bolshevik: Gumede and the League Against Imperialism, 1927
… lost on Gumede. During the fifth session on the evening of 12 February, he was called to “report on the economic and … to attend its World Congress to be…
Review Essay: Crisis, History and the Challenge of Reinvention in the Postcolonial: The African National Congress after Apartheid by Laurence Piper
… was co-opted onto the central committee of the SACP (p. 21), a claim Mandela has always denied. However, drawing on … the issue of how ANC rule has…
His Life and Legacy - Oliver Tambo
… events had taken place in the last couple of years. On 21 March, I960, police fired on a crowd of people who … in the deaths of 42 men, women and children,…
Chapter 5 - TOWARDS PEOPLE’S WAR
… to regions and units on "Security Measures to be Taken".12 The formalisation of a cadre policy in the constitution … in the struggle should be conÂsidered"…
ArchiveCHAPTER 4 - A turn to masses by Howard Barrell
… ANC was seen to be striking at the South African state. 12 COH argued that the solution to almost all of its problems … out of, and being linked with, mass…
Freedom In Our Life Time - Congress Youth League Activities
… in a house of 150 representing 2,000,000 Whites.”Š 12 ”‰ At the same time a Land Act was passed to ensure that … armour against fate, Death lays his icy hand…
ArticleEuropean missionaries in southern Africa: the role of the missionaries
… somewhat in doubt. Etherington (1977) stated that only 12% of people on mission settlements were there for " …
January 8th Statements -Statement of the National Executive Committee on the occasion of the 89th Anniversary of the ANC - 8 January 2001
Fellow South Africans, Comrades and friends: Today is the 8th of January, the 89th anniversary of your movement, the African National Congress. On…
ArticleThe Cape Minstrels: Origins and Evolution of Tweede Nuwe Jaar (Second New Year) in the Cape
… that they were being exploited. In 1961 the captains of 21 troupes decided to form the South African Carnival Board, …
ArticleArts and Crafts and reconstruction by Jillian Carman
… wide range of people. Four days before the closing date of 21 March 1910 for the competitive sections, nearly 3,000 …
ArticleGandhi and the Passive Resistance Campaign 1907-1914
The passive resistance campaigns led by MK Gandhi in South Africa had huge consequences not only for the history of the country but also for world history in…
Chapter 4 - Removing the obstacles
… the first of many, was instructed to table a report by 21 May 1990. In the meantime, some offences were to receive … was confirmed at D. F. Malan Airport in…
Chapter 8 - ‘Creative Organisers’ rather than ‘Powerful Speakers’: Education as a Site of Struggle
… Transkei, SANSCO was banned in the Transkei (SAIRR, 1985: 21). After a KwaZulu Legislative Assembly discussion on its … resistance, and the declaration of a…
Chapter 9 - People’s Education and People’s Power: Mobilisation and Collective Action
… between black and Jewish students and the suspension of 12 students (SAIRR, 1983: 516). On another occasion there was … the army form the campus. ( The Star …
PlaceCacadu District Municipality
… largest citrus regions in South Africa, with approximately 12,000ha of citrus orchards. Approximately 8 million cartons …
Archive2012 - President Zuma, State of the Nation, 9 February 2012
… 20 billion rand worth of incentives under Section 12(i) of the Income Tax Act, designed to support new … secretary, who will turn 100 years old on Sunday the…
Chapter 3 - The Rise of the ANC
… South African within the present framework of the Union." [12] But the Programme of Action and the Defiance CamÂpaign … to All Congress Branches of the…
ArchiveAmos 'Amla' Monageng interview by Kyla Jade Mc Nulty, The University of Pretoria, 2 May 2016
… I think at home while I was doing Grade 11 and Grade 12, under the banner of ANC Youth League. And from Youth … come on campus at that night, I remember it…
PlaceAngola
… Luanda in November that same year. Together with about 12.000 Cuban allied soldiers stationed in, Angola earlier … of peace and growth [cxcviii] . When the…
Turning Adwa into a global heritage site of Pan-African struggle by Mammo Muchie (Pambazuka News), 02 March 2016
March 1 marks the 120th anniversary of the Battle of Adwa, a decisive victory of Ethiopia over Italian colonialism. This great victory has been a source of…
Address to United Nations Security Council, by Nelson Mandela, 15 July 1992, New York United States
Mr President, Distinguished Members of the Security Council, Your Excellency, Dr Boutrous Boutrous Ghali, Secretary General of the United Nations, …
ArchiveAssia Djebar: A Life of Resistance and Inspiration by Logan Landry
Life Fatima Zohra Imalayen was born in 1936 in the town of Cherchell, Algeria (Chronology Assia Djebar 1996). She grew up learning both Arabic and French…
Document 2 - Against the C.A.D. for Full Democratic Rights [1943]
… Act of 1931 (which gave every White male person over 21 years of age the franchise), by the Native Bills of 1936 …
Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki at the European Parliament, Strasbourg: 17 November 2004
… in addition, is an African miracle. Ten years ago, a mere 21 days before South Africa held the first democratic …
ArticleTransition to Armed Struggle by Norman Levy
… the Party) and quite detached from the Congress Alliance.12 These cells would “familiarize themselves with the … even closer to the party. He wrote in his…
Mission Stations - A-F
… stone and their cavity was filled with dagga. The fort had 12 feet high walls and resembled a peasant's fortification, …
ArchiveThe 1957 Alexandra Bus Boycott and its unsung heroes by Roseinnes Phahle, June 2019
… yet another demand on their already meagre incomes.” [12] Luthuli’s views of the boycott, particularly its … out of Alexandra. We will walk on foot till we…