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418 records
ArticleNegotiations and the transition
… in Kenilworth. A group of APLA (the armed wing of the PAC) operatives Gcinikhaya Makoma, Sichumiso Nonxuba, Thobela … Nofemela and Ntamo applied for amnesty…
ArticleConvention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA)
… South Africa, which would draft and adopt a democratic constitution. CODESA 1 The first plenary session of the … from the Convention was the Pan Africanist…
ArticleSouth African Constitutional Development Timeline 1902 - 1997
… interests of whites sits to negotiate South Africa's first constitution. 1909 19 August, The South Africa Act, South … government and a resolution is adopted…
Re-Emergence of Congress Activity 1980s
… clashes between police and demonstrators, and the ANC and PAC issued statements encouraging victims of apartheid to … The immediate task of the UDF was to…
ArticlePan Africanist Congress timeline 1959-2011
… away from the ANC and formed the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). The histories of these two organisations are … marks 50 years since Poqo, the armed wing of…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1990-1999
… the ANC gathered pace. As part of that process, the ANC, PAC and other parties were unbanned, hundreds of political … of a 30-year ban on the ANC, the Pan…
ArticleThe Nelson Mandela Presidency - 1994 to 1999
… %, Democratic Party (DP) 1.7 %, Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) 1.2 % and the African Christian Democratic Party 0.5 %. … to participate. In 1996, Mandela…
ArticleDemocratic Alliance (DA)
… on constitutional reform, and called for an entrenched Constitution that incorporated a Bill of Rights. This Bill of … would provide for an independent…
ArticleFreedom Day: 27 April
… led by Nelson Mandela and a new state subject to a new constitution. The holding of the first non racial elections … the formal all party negotiations which…
ArticleAnti-Pass Campaign
… In the latter part of 1959, PAC membership was still below expectations, and it became … The conference met in an atmosphere of anticipation. PAC…
ArticleThe Anti-Pass Campaigns 1960
… away, and in March 1959 the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) was formed. They elected Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe as … Programme of Action and Defiance Campaign…
ArticleSharpeville Massacre, 21 March 1960
… breakaway group from the ANC, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) held its first conference in Johannesburg . At this conference, it was announced that the PAC…
ArticleLiberation history Timeline 1960-1969
… The 1960s witnessed the banning of both the ANC and the PAC in the aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre. In response … underground structures to continue…
Increasing repression and the turn to the armed struggle
… away from the ANC and formed the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Anti pass campaign was by the PAC organised in 1960 that ended in bloodshed as police fired ……
The armed struggle and state repression of the 1960s
… of combined elements, including the formation of the PAC, growing frustration among black people, the Sharpeville incident and the banning of the ANC and the…
The turn to armed struggle
… the Sharpeville Massacre, the state banned the ANC and PAC in April 1960 under the Unlawful Organisations Act . … to damage public facilities. After the…
ArticleRobert Mangaliso Sobukwe Timeline 1924 - 1978
… banner “Africanist Liberation Congress”. Subsequently, the PAC is launched and Robert Sobukwe is elected as the first … Sobukwe, Potlako Leballo and several…
ArticleSharpeville
… On 19 March 1960, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) called on Black South Africans to leave their pass books … that the police arrest them for not carrying…
ArticlePoqo in the Western Cape and Transkei in the early 1960s
… The formation of the Pan Africanist Congress’ (PAC) Africanist Task Force (ATF) preceded the formation of … Poqo in February 1960. After its formation in…
ArticleThe Langa March, 30 March 1960
… March 1960, Philip Kgosana led a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) march of between 30.000-50.000 protestors from Langa and … arrested by the police later that…
ArticleAftermath: Sharpeville Massacre 1960
… the border into Bechuanaland to mobilize support for the PAC. International sympathy lay with the African people, … protest of the massacre, Regional…
ArticleCODESA 1 Timeline
… congress will be held in November. 25 September 1991: The PAC and AZAPO agree to join the ANC at the all-party congress … organizations and administrations…
Poqo political trials and the execution of its operatives in the 1960s
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), forcing them to establish underground structures and … underground structures and networks of…
ArticleAfricanist News and Views (1968-1973)
… News and Views, published by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) of Azania (South Africa), expressed the Pan-Africanist … for liberation. The first…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) becoming the first causalities in an era of banishment. Forced underground, the ANC, PAC and…
ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1990-1999
… of a 30-year ban on the ANC, the Pan African Congress (PAC), the South African Communist Party (SACP) and other … well as the government (many others…
Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) becoming the first causalities in an era of banishment. Forced underground, the ANC, PAC and…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
… document would eventually become the basis of a democratic constitution hailed as one of the most progressive in the … broke away in 1959 to form the Pan…
South African Youth Revolutionary Council (SAYRCO)
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) . This has been confirmed by some student leaders who … event. Other student leaders were…
ArticleThe African Students Association (ASA)
… the ANC in April 1960. In 1962, a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) connected student movement; the African Students Union … as student wings of the national…