On April 1 1989, the start of the implementation of Resolution 435, clashes between Swapo guerillas and South African security forces broke out in northern Namibia . For nine days the most intense fighting in the history of the border war raged along the 300 km frontier . According to official figures, 279 Swapo combatants and 23 security force members were killed . On April 10 1989, South Africa, Angola and Cuba signed the Mount Etjo Declaration to re-establish the ceasefire and facilitate the guerillas' withdrawal to Angola through Untag assembly points.
archiveREF R-0111384Revised
Archive record
Renewed fighting in April
- Origin date
- April 1989
- Updated
- 27 Aug 2019
South African History Online. (2016, February 22). Renewed fighting in April. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/nso/ref/R-0111384
South African History Online (2016) 'Renewed fighting in April', South African History Online, 22 February. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/nso/ref/R-0111384 (Accessed: 26 July 2026).
South African History Online, Renewed fighting in April [website], https://sahistory.org.za/nso/ref/R-0111384, (accessed 26 July 2026).
"Renewed fighting in April." South African History Online, 22 Feb. 2016, https://sahistory.org.za/nso/ref/R-0111384. Accessed 26 July 2026.
South African History Online. "Renewed fighting in April." South African History Online. February 22, 2016. https://sahistory.org.za/nso/ref/R-0111384.
Further reading
Article
DISA Archive
DISA is a freely accessible online scholarly resource focusing on the socio-political history of South Africa,...
Archive
Letter from Barney Pityana to Neville Curtis
Letter from Barney Pityana (President, SASO) to Neville Curtis (NUSAS) regarding NUSAS and SASO relations.
SAHO is free because readers fund it. Donate →