Chief Mhlabuvelile Hlamandana (Faku), from Bizana District [Eastern Province, now Eastern Cape], refused to cooperate with the state around policies and interventions that he considered unsuitable, and supported the Hill Committee.*

He was accused by state officials of being careless in his duties, disrupting the smooth functioning of the Isikelo Tribal Authority and facilitating activities including arson and public violence in Bizana.  Despite his position, he also seemed to be against the BA (Bantu Affairs).

Mkhubo Mngomezulu, from the Ingwavuma District, Natal [now KwaZulu-Natal], was accused of being one of the ringleaders responsible for unrest in the area.  He was an induna [headman] and was accused of following Ntunja Mngomezulu to Swaziland and later returning.

Molomo Ntwampe, Ramonkung Mpihleng and Setswiki Matabata from Sekhukhuneland, Lydenburg District, [Northern Transvaal, now Limpopo Province], were allegedly supporters of Motodi Ntwampe and were all banished in terms of an order issued on 8 November 1961.

Morris Ranoto was banished on19 January 1955 from Matlala's Location, Pietersburg District, [Northern] Transvaal, [now Polokwane, Limpopo Province] to Natives Reserve 7B, Lower Umfolozi District, Natal [now KwaZulu-Natal].

He survived on support from family and friends and “became a recluse” after Frans Ramaro’s death.

His partner, Mngabo Ranoto, said that after he was asked to report at the police station he was seen on a train in Pietersburg. She did not know where he had been banished until a letter arrived a year later.

The Native Affairs Department (NAD) sought a prominent supporter for its policies in Sekhukhuneland, Lydenburg District, [Northern] Transvaal [now Limpopo Province].  The NAD focussed its attention on Morwamotse Sekhukhune, who was officially installed as the Paramount Chief (PC) on 20 August 1953.  However, he ”began a cat and mouse game that was to drag on for years,” suggesting private support for state interventions but refraining from providing any public commitment and support.

Mothebang Mopeli was alleged to have been one of the agitators in the Witzieshoek Native Reserve, Harrismith District, Orange Free State [now Free State Province]. He was accused of having connections to a certain Josiel Lefela, an ”opruier” (agitator) from Basutoland.  Lefela was said never to work yet always had money.  It was speculated this came from a certain lawyer who paid him to be his agent.

Mopeli was banished to Frenchdale Native Trust Farm, Mafeking District, in the Northern Cape (now North West Province) on 8 March 1954.

In 1962, the New Age reported on the “mysterious disappearance of ‘prominent anti-government men from Sekhukhuneland” after “four men were called to the office of the Native Commissioner at Schoonoord.”

Mtetunzima Ganyile, from Amanikwe Location, Bizana District, [Eastern Province, now Eastern Cape] was described in the motivation for his banishment as one of the leaders of the Pondoland revolt and ‘a strong supporter of the banned ANC [African National Congress].’

Mxoshwa Mdhluli and Mhlupeki Hlongwane were banished, from Ngoba Location, Bergville District, Natal [now KwaZulu-Natal] on 11 April 1957. Their banishment orders were related to the killing of five police officers during a dagga raid in February 1956; 22 of those responsible were apprehended and sentenced to death. In 1962, when Helen Joseph visited Mdhluli, he was living in a “dark and squalid”¦broken-down shack”  with “broken wooden frames for beds.”

According to Mdhluli:

Tensions between the Ntanzi and Bomvu communities developed in the 1940s, allegedly because Nembe Ntanzi, the hereditary leader of the Ntanzi section, “was dismissed from the office of induna [headman] by Nonkenkeza Ngubane, the Acting Chief of the Bomvu tribe.” Both of these communities lived in the Greytown District, Natal [now KwaZulu-Natal].’