Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered to protest the army's presence in the township, high rents and restrictions on the holding of funerals.
eventREF E-0069897Revised
Event record
Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered in protest.
- Updated
- 30 Sep 2019
How we know this
- 01Coleman, M. (ed)(1998). A Crime Against Humanity: analysing the repression of the apartheid state, Johannesburg: Human Rights Committee, p. 263.
- 02https://africanhistory.about.com/
Last updated · 30 Sep 2019
South African History Online. (2011, November 21). Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered in protest.. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0069897
South African History Online (2011) 'Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered in protest.', South African History Online, 21 November. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0069897 (Accessed: 6 November 2026).
South African History Online, Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered in protest. [website], https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0069897, (accessed 6 November 2026).
"Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered in protest.." South African History Online, 21 Nov. 2011, https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0069897. Accessed 6 Nov. 2026.
South African History Online. "Twelve people are killed in Mamelodi, Pretoria, when the police open fire on a crowd gathered in protest.." South African History Online. November 21, 2011. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0069897.
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