The Ciskei declares a state of emergency in the districts of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha.

Updated: 30 Sep 2019

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01South African Institute of Race Relations. (1990). Race Relations Survey 1989/90, Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, p. lix

Last updated · 30 Sep 2019

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South African History Online. (2012, January 31). The Ciskei declares a state of emergency in the districts of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha.. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0073295

South African History Online (2012) 'The Ciskei declares a state of emergency in the districts of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha.', South African History Online, 31 January. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0073295 (Accessed: 26 July 2026).

South African History Online, The Ciskei declares a state of emergency in the districts of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha. [website], https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0073295, (accessed 26 July 2026).

"The Ciskei declares a state of emergency in the districts of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha.." South African History Online, 31 Jan. 2012, https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0073295. Accessed 26 July 2026.

South African History Online. "The Ciskei declares a state of emergency in the districts of Mdantsane and Zwelitsha.." South African History Online. January 31, 2012. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0073295.