Inside Indian Indenture: A South African Story, 1860–1914 by Ashwin Desai & Goolam Vahed

Indian Indentured Labour in Natal 1860-1911

The majority of Indian South Africans are the descendants of indentured workers brought to Natal between 1860 and 1911 t

oThongathi, previously Tongaat

An Indian family in Tongaat, Natal circa 1888. There were 152 184 Indians who were indentured labourers, a type of debt

The Making of Indian Identity in Durban, 1914-1949 by Goolam H. Vahed

Across the Kala Pani: Untold Stories of Indentutred Women of Christian Origin in South Africa by Rowanne Sarojini Marie

Hawaan Forest, Umhlanga

Across the M 4 the Forest rests on a 2 000 year-old sand dune. Sounds old enough but Hawaan, by contrast, stands sturdy

Koringberg

Koringberg is a rural village in the Swartland region of the Western Cape. Located between Moorreesburg and Piketberg, i