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… General of the ANC, Chief Albert Luthuli , announced that 1960 was going to be the "Year of the Pass." Through a series … the PAC would launch its own anti-pass campaign. Early in 1960 both the ANC and PAC embarked on a feverish drive to … going to observe absolute non-violence. On the morning of 21 March, PAC members walked around Sharpeville waking people …

… Sharpeville Funeral, 13 April, 1960 Photographer: Peter Magubane. Source: Africa Media … List of victims of police action, 21 March, 1960 (Sharpeville and Langa) …

… only released in 1969. In the aftermath of the events of 21 March, mass funerals were held for the victims. On 24 March 1960, in protest of the massacre, Regional Secretary General … in Durban. On the day passes were suspended (25 March 1960) Kgosana led another march of between 2000 and 5000 …

… 1959-1960: Formation, Sharpeville and Banning For many years there … for the campaign was finalised on 18 March, and set for 21 March 1960. The weekend was spent spreading pamphlets about the … The Anti-Pass Campaigns 1960 …

… 1960 21 March , In a peaceful anti pass march led by the PAC at … the British Labour Party. After the banning of the ANC in 1960 and the reconstruction of its mission in exile, the ANC … in a number of vicious killings, particularly of Whites. 21 January, Mandela arrived in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania to get …

… an impact that spun into the following decade, the 1970s. 1960 Both the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan … the British Labour Party. After the banning of the ANC in 1960 and the reconstruction of its mission in exile, the ANC … sustained protest campaign against pass laws, starting on 21 March. 21 March , At Sharpeville the police open fire on …

… they were planning an anti-pass campaign on the 31 March 1960, the PAC decided to spearhead their efforts by planning a similar protest for the 21 March. The anti-pass campaign turned out to be very … campaign was finalised on 18 March, and set for 21 March 1960. The weekend was spent handing out pamphlets about the …

… Indian South Africans Timeline: 1960-1969 1960 19 February, Dr Monty Naicker called for strength in … to the government that its policies were to blame.’ 21 January, Addressing a meeting in Clermont, Durban Dr … Indian South Africans timeline 1960-1969 …

… Yusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1960 - 1969 1960 March 16, The Boycott Movement, in London, is renamed … against the pass laws from Monday, the 21st March. March 21, The bloodiest massacre in the history of South Africa … Yusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1960 - 1969 …

… 1960 1 January, Minister of Bantu Education assumes control … that its anti-pass campaign will start at the end of March 1960. March - April, Nation-wide strikes in response to … of the ANC. 20 March, Rioting and arson in Pondoland. 21 March, At Sharpeville the police open fire on the unarmed …

… Peace Prize of the Tipperary Peace Committee, Ireland 21 February, Agusto Cesar Sandino Award bestowed by Daniel … 'Mandela Day', a public holiday declared in Zimbabwe. 21 April, Mandela is made an Honorary Life President of … Institute 7 October, Honorary Doctorate, Howard University 21 October, Received freedom of the town of Tongaat, …

… ’ document as a way of giving new impetus to the struggle. 1960 Both the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan … the British Labour Party. After the banning of the ANC in 1960 and the reconstruction of its mission in exile, the ANC … The defense team opens their case in the Treason Trial . 21 March , In a peaceful anti pass march led by the PAC at …

… On 30 March 1960, Philip Kgosana led a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) … banned under the Unlawful Organisations Act of 8 April 1960. Both organisations were deemed a serious threat to the … African History Online, ‘Aftermath: Sharpeville Massacre 1960’ , [online], available at www.sahistory.org.za …

… apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre , in 1960, signalled the beginning of a far more brutal and … of the 'Reserve's carved out by the 1913 Land Act. Between 1960 and 1985, approximately 3.5 million Africans were … at Sharpeville near Johannesburg and Langa in the Cape on 21 March 1960 marked an important turning point in South …

… apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre , in 1960, signalled the beginning of a far more brutal and … of the 'Reserves' carved out by the 1913 Land Act. Between 1960 and 1985, approximately 3.5 million Africans were … at Sharpeville near Johannesburg and Langa in the Cape on 21 March 1960 marked an important turning point in South …

… the PAC, the ANC organised a protest against pass laws for 1960. The PAC decided to jump ahead of the ANC planned march, and organised a similar protest for 21 March 1960. The pass campaign had little support other than in …

… opera seasons and tours throughout the country between 1960 and 1965. … Artist groups and educational facilities (1960-1980) …

… - the nature of internal resistance to Apartheid before 1960 Internal resistance against apartheid began in the … y.org.za/topic/popular-struggles-early-years-apartheid-1948-1960 Review - ‘Apartheid’ becomes an international word; … South Africa and spread apartheid in the country too. In 1960 Liberia and Ethiopia called for the International Court …

… government faced unprecedented internal revolt – both in 1960 and in the 1980s – an Emergency was declared. This … of time, and an exodus of some to a life in exile. In 1960, for the first time, the government was faced with a … near Vereeniging in the province of Transvaal, on 21 March 1960 , was a turning point in the history of South …

… the moon first. The Sixties The 1960s is the decade from 1960 to 1969. In Africa, the 1960s was a period of radical … troops to allow the black students to enter the school. 1960: Four black college students began sit-ins at the lunch … (Lee Minikus) flagged down motorist Marquette Frye, a 21 year old African American, whom he suspected of being …

… first. Suddenly the country was rocked by the events of 21 March in Sharpeville where people had gathered to show the … of emergency, hundreds of arrests were made and in April 1960 the ANC and newly-formed PAC were banned as lawful … of South African Women The banning of the ANC in 1960 threw the Federation of South African Women  (FSAW) …

… Eyewitness accounts of the Sharpeville massacre 1960 …

… 1960 Mar- Norman Phillips of the Toronto Star was detained 3 … an American journalist, was refused entry. (IRR 1969) 1960's The editor of an opposition paper was raided by …

… of the 1950s culminated in the Sharpeville massacre on 21 March 1960 . Soon thereafter the apartheid government banned the … six trials involving 75 people took place. Of these, 21 were accused of sabotage and given lengthy sentences. …

… 1960 - 1994: Armed Struggle and Popular Resistance …

… the formation of party’s military wing Poqo in February 1960. After its formation in 1959, the PAC embarked on an … culminated in the Sharpeville and Langa shootings in March 1960, it became evident that the state was intolerant towards … on 16 June 1962 three women, Magriet (17), Sarah Kamos (21) and Susie Noriet were killed for attending a party at a …

… protests that erupted across South Africa between 1948 and 1960, showing that they were largely responses to new … four boycotts, two in February and November 1957, one in 1960 and another in 1961. This was an indication that the … days due to commuter indifference. The boycott in January 1960 incorporated some distinctly political grievances. This …

… Letter from R. T. R. Molefe to London comrades, 21 February 1938 …