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… who oversaw the transition to majority rule in 1994. Under South Africa's first non-racial Constitution, adopted …

… within the colony. When the Caldeon Code was repealed under Ordinance 50 of 1828, the carrying of passes by the … enforced in Cape Town to keep the Africans out of the town under the apartheid government. The growth of Cape Town into … be removed from insanitary conditions that they lived under and be confined to a location. Throughout the 1900s, …

… i.        marriages concluded under any tradition, or a system of religious, personal or … ii.        systems of personal and family law under any tradition, or adhered to by persons professing a … in which case, in addition to the rights a child enjoys under sections 12 and 35, the child may be detained only for …

… The “progress” which Mandela earlier referred to under cross-examination in the Treason Trial as an example of … its resources by a different mode of struggle – collapsed under the weight of the state’s response to armed resistance. … autonomous, but linked to the ANC and that it should be “under [its] overall control”. This formulation seemed to be a …

… are not issued licenses because they have not registered under Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (TARA), they will … to Smuts rejecting legalization of voluntary registrants under Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (TARA) and proposes it be done under amendment to Transvaal Immigration Registration Bill …

… to be the Arniston. This site is the first to fall under the National Monuments Council Act for shipwrecks. … home. In 1648 they were saved by a fleet of 12 ships under the command of W G de Jongh. Jan van Riebeeck was on … the scheme and on 6 April 1652 a group of 90 settlers, under the leadership of van Riebeeck, arrived at the Cape. …

… 1985: 28). 2 April, South African Races Congress is formed under the leadership of John Tengo Jabavu . For the inaugural … Luthuli continues his education at Ohlange Institute under Dr. John Dube; the founding President of the South … a Constitution Committee is set up to consider the matter under the chairmanship of R.W. Msimang. 22 September, The …

… his education at Ohlange Institute 'a boarding school' under Dr. John Dube , the founding President of the South … is elected Secretary of the African Teachers' Association under the presidency of his friend Z.K. Matthews , principal … Missionary Conference and undertakes a lecture tour under the auspices of the American Board and the North …

… about Africans migrating into the city during the period under consideration is their origins. African migrants in the … to the NRB officials, only Africans who qualified under Section 10 (1) of the Native Laws Amendment Act of 1952 … legally reside in Meadowlands.      Africans who qualified under section 10 (1) (a) to be resettled in Meadowlands were …

… demonstrations against the hated "pass" laws instituted under The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953. … the requirement that Blacks carry identity documents (under the Pass Law). Estimates of the size of the crowd vary … Party government believed that by banning the ANC and PAC under this act would stop them from operating. This was not …

… group, the Joint Committee of African Trade Unions was under the leadership of Max Gordon, the secretary of the … Thirteen leaders of the strike were arrested under the Riotous Assemblies Act . However their charges were … would be represented by the works committees operating under the guidance of the Bantu Labour Officers. This …

… 10 topic we learnt about the rise of the Basotho state under Moshoeshoe, this chapter takes the story a bit further. … the Tlokoa in 1853. There were now about 100 000 people under his control. This included all the major African groups … possibility of keeping any of his land was to bring it under British control. After a number of appeals from …

… of a larger unit of Southern Sotho groups, who had fallen under his centralized authority due to competition for … territory between British territory and the Basotho under Moshoeshoe, and stretched from Cornetspruit and the … Thaba Bosiu in 1833. They had helped to unite the Basotho under Moshoeshoe, and were the first to write the Sesotho …

… of the 20th century were, by the 1940s, increasingly under threat however, as African resistance to the racially … harvesters and combines on farms, and the area of land under cultivation was expanding. With this process of … Bantustans; instead it caused untold suffering and misery. Under the guise of 'betterment' stock ownership rights and …

… was in the Zoutpansberg, north of Pietersburg. Two groups under Boer leaders Hans van Rensburg and Louis Trichardt … He renamed the area Schoemansdal, after himself. The Venda under Magato challenged the Boers’ over grazing and hunting … Battle of Majuba, led to the granting of self-government – under the suzerainty of the Queen. The victory was celebrated …

… of P. K. Leballo in 1978. The settlement grew remarkably under the leadership of Nyathi John Pokela in 1982 when the … the ideological debate and critique of the PAC leadership under the chairmanship of Vusumzi Make . The cadres in this … and that it had also lost the reputation it enjoyed under the leadership of the founding President of the PAC, …

… led by Dr Monty Naicker and Transvaal Indian Congress under Dr Yusuf Dadoo held a meeting at Red Square to formally … the first campaign pursued jointly by all racial groups under the leadership of the African National Congress (ANC) , … May 1963 Moosa Moolla was amongst the first to be detained under the newly promulgated 90-Day detention law. He was held …

… to Codesa prescribing the status of regional government under a new constitution. 24 February 1992: De Klerk … Working Group 3 reaches an agreement on all issues falling under its mandate and produces its final report for …

… (ASA) was established on 17 December 1961 in Durban under the auspices of the banned African National Congress … event led to the banning of ANC and the PAC in April 1960 under the Unlawful Organisations Act forcing both liberation …

… belonging to a Black and allotted by him or accruing under Black law or custom to any woman with whom he lived in … house, shall upon his death devolve and be administered under Black law and custom. The Liquor Bill Section 104 of … in locations, but actually expropriates Indian property. Under the pretext of Sanitation, the Act is enforced to …

… of Guinea, West Africa. 1483 Diogo Cão, a navigator acting under the instruction of the Portuguese King John II, reaches … hair, and with very large tails. 1595 4 August, Four ships under Cornelis de Houtman reach São Bras. This is the first … as Commander of the refreshment station, which has, under Van Riebeeck's command, become a colony. 7 May, Van …

… B.L. Sigamoney , and Thomas William Thibedi. In Cape Town, under the Industrial Socialist League, left wing trade unions … his objection to the ‘native policy’ which had been under serious debate. 1924 John Beaver Marks and Johannes … 100 whites opposing the meeting. [2] Thibedi was charged under the Native Administration Act of 1927 , but the case …

… Thirteen Others The change from being a 90-day detainee under solitary confinement to an awaiting trial prisoner was … was a complete antidote to the silence we had experienced under solitary confinement. A part of the section still … no such category of offender in the prison regulations. Under the instructions of the special branch the prison …

… compulsory school attendance from all slave children under 12 years of age. Older slave children have to attend … A separate school starts, exclusively for slave children under 12. The boys' teacher is Jan Pasqual and a freed slave, … in the Cape Colony. All mission schools now fall under its control. The Education Law is also passed in the …

… Partition of West Africa and East Africa 1896 Ethiopia, under Emperor Menelik II, defeats invading Italian army in … Fine Arts School is founded at Makerere College, Uganda, under the direction of Margaret Trowell 1938 July, Jomo … goes into exile in France. 1948 Afrikaner National Party, under the leadership of Daniel F. Malan, comes to power in …

… Partition of West Africa and East Africa 1896 Ethiopia, under Emperor Menelik II, defeats invading Italian army in … Fine Arts School is founded at Makerere College, Uganda, under the direction of Margaret Trowell 1938 July, Jomo … goes into exile in France 1948 Afrikaner National Party, under the leadership of Daniel F. Malan, comes to power in …

… meeting in Johannesburg at the Orlando community hall under the banner “Africanist Liberation Congress”. Banners … August, ZB Molote who was detained by the government under the state of emergency regulations is released and … involvement in coordinating the movement’s activities under pretext of being a religious organisation.  May, …

… Areas Act comes into effect. A Land Tenure Board is set up under the Act to set aside separate areas for various racial … the Malan Government. December, Nelson Mandela is banned under the Riotous Assemblies Act. Walter Sisulu, Dr. Yusuf … issue a statement condemning the first banning orders under the Suppression of Communism Act. 31 May, The ANC’s NEC …

… Introduction 1985, Desmond Tutu, armed only with the bible under his arm, confronts the SA forces during their attempts … a mutual non-interference pact, at Nkomati in March 1984. Under the terms of the Nkomati Accord South Africa was to … of 17 March and 30 April 1985.  The former exploded under a South African Police vehicle in Mamelodi and the …

… numerous other struggles of our people are being fought under the inspiration of the Congress Alliance (should this … used to compel pensioners to carry identity cards when under the Population Registration Act there is no legal … He was in business as an exporter of fruits and vegetables under the name of PG Naicker Bros and he established an …