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… 1908. This man, from staunch Afrikaans descent (he was the eldest son of Percy Ulrich Fischer, Judge President of the Orange Free State, and a grandson of Abraham Fischer, prime minister of the Orange River Colony), became a member of the Communist …

… During the Second Anglo-Boer War, the fourth and last Creusot 'Long Tom' of the state  artillery of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek … [Accessed on 19 April 2013]| Craig D. The Weapons and Battles of the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) from Heligraphic Inc. …

… Air Force De Havilland Canada DHC-5D Buffalo carrying the Zambian national soccer team crashed in the Atlantic Ocean just 500 meters offshore from Libreville, Gabon in 1993. The Zambian national soccer team, better known by the …

… of sabotage and sentenced to ten years imprisonment. The judge found that the accused participated in the activities of the National Liberation Front (NLF),  an …

… down in Mamelodi by South African police. This followed the declaration of a State of emergency on 25 July 1985 by … in 36 of South Africa’s 260 magisterial districts. Within the first six months of the Emergency, 575 people were killed in political violence – …

… People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) captured the capital of Ethiopia,Addis Ababa. The EPRDF was led by the Meles Zinawi, a popular rebel leader and probably the …

… north of Durban, where they declared they were opposed to the Tricameral Constitutional proposals which exclude blacks. In 1983, the National Party (NP) Government introduced an amendment to the South African constitution to create a new structure of …

… Day is observed annually in South Africa to commemorate the sacrifice of veterans and civilians in World War I. The day is observed world-wide, though under various names. … it is also called Poppy Day. In Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom it is called Remembrance Day, in the …

… The League of Nations was established after World War I, during the Treaty of Versailles. The intention of this organization was to reduce armament and …

… The Tamil Benefit Society presents a memorandum on poor housing conditions in Pageview, Johannesburg, and the need for housing schemes for poorer Indians to the Minister of the Interior. Fietas ,as the Pageview …

… Justice Minister Francios Christiaan Erasmus informed the National Assembly that 4 769 Africans, 2 Europeans and 2 others had been taken into custody during the recent disturbances from November to December 1960 in … Pondoland , with 2 067 eventually brought to trial. While the South African Defence Force (SADF) was present in support …

… The pass measures were aimed at controlling the mobility of the Black population in White urban areas. Bloemfontein was … Town: HSRC Press, 2007). |South African History Online, The 1913 Women’s anti-pass campaign in the Orange Free State, [online], Available at …

… This interactive Museum is a tribute to the spirit of defiance against the Durban System, which led to evictions, riots and dissent in the Cato Manor area for decades. The Museum is a collection …

… resistance and an increasingly ungovernable country, the government introduced wider press restrictions under the 1986 state of emergency. The state of emergency gave the president powers to rule by …

… The village of Concordia was established in 1863 as a station of the Rhenish Missionary Society. It seems probable that its founding coincided with the opening of the copper mines by the Concordia Copper …

… her 100th birthday with thousands of people lining up in the streets of London to cheer her. The Queen Mother is the first member of the Royal Family to reach her centenary. …

… Two days after the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) agreed to participate in … violence had dropped significantly in South Africa. The most remarkable incident of political violence took place … South African President F.W. de Klerk made a speech at the opening of Parliament, announcing among other measures, …

… Indian Passive Resisters. This followed a call to the South African government by Mahatma Gandhi made at a prayer meeting in New Delhi, India, the previous day. He had asked the government to stop "hooliganism" of Whites and the …

… This paper clearly describes the land rights of the natives in the Cape Colony from the Ordinance and up until the Ten Point …

… This document contains suggestions for action for the Sprocas Black Community Programmes which were presented for discussion at the Sprocas Co-ordinating Group in September 1971 in Johannesburg. The contents represent a rationale for the Black Community …

… This memorial was erected towards the end of 1902, on the highest point in Johannesburg ; Observatory Ridge.  It … , Sikhs , Christians , Muslims and Zoroastrians members of the Indian Army that lost their lives in the Anglo Boer War . … https://allatsea.co.za/blog/the-indian-army-memorial-observatory-ridge-johannesburg/   …

… The financial Rand, used as a parallel currency to the commercial Rand, was abolished on 10 March 1995. The currency was introduced in the 1960’s and only widely …

… photographs and comments on them, and he marvels at the growth of grandchildren. They come with their mothers as … to fetch me before then. 15 April 1976 TO ZENI: I got the three pictures you sent via Mum even though I become … letters and family visits that keep on reminding me of the happy days when we were together, that makes life sweet …

… Staffrider by Mike Kirkwood. STORIES: My Friend, the Outcast by Mtutuzeli Matshoba; My Other Cousin, Sitha by … Essop; Jazz by Peter Wilhelm; Jobman by Achmat Dangor; The Promise by Gladys Thomas; Mineworking by Greg Latter; The Prophetess by Njabulo S. Ndebele; Mamlambo by Bheki …

… Introduction: The Mandela family commemorated birthdays whenever possible, … without exception, in prison during official visits. The occasions were, in addition, observed with cards and … letters. Nelson recalls his and Winnie's wedding day in the following extract: Nelson and Winnie Mandela at their …

… Six, Cape Town on 8 February 1936.[i] He was a judge in the Supreme Court of South Africa. Moosa was a former human … rights lawyer who defended political detainees during the Apartheid regime.[ii] Moosa was one of South Africa’s … renowned human rights activists.[iii] He was one of the founding members of the National Association of …

… Heritage Day is one of the newly created South African public holidays.  It is a day … are encouraged to celebrate their cultural traditions in the wider context of the great diversity of cultures, beliefs, and traditions that …

… At about 10:04pm on 29 September 1969, the Boland farming towns of Tulbagh, Wolseley and Ceres experienced the most destructive earthquake in South African history.[i] The epicentre of the earthquake was situated in Saron, a …

… in Luckhardt, K. & Wall, B. (1980). Organize or Starve! The History of the South African Congress of Trade Unions , New York: … will make Apartheid workable and just? Does he think that the non-White workers will now abandon their struggle for …

… trafficking and prostitution has become rife in the syndicates of Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban. … parents, family friends, taxi drivers and brothel owners. The most vulnerable children are girls between the ages of 12 and 16, who are often kidnapped in broad …