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… From: A Crime Against Humanity - Analysing the Repression of the Apartheid State edited by Max Coleman As we have seen in … the prospect of many death sentences being imposed in future trials arising out of political conflict. In May …

… my grandfather’s farm, which was fifteen miles away from the city, and in those days around us were plantations of … 100 acres of land was called Phoenix Settlement. It was the most beautiful piece of land, untouched by the then … we would never meet again and we were scared of facing the future in an unknown land amongst unknown people. When we …

… San rise up in an unsuccessful but protracted rebellion in the eastern districts of the Cape in what becomes known as the Third War of Dispossession between the Khoi-San of the …

… of Parliament in South Africa for 20 years. Turok is the sole surviving member of the original underground leadership of the South African … of the matter is the second stage of building a socialist future is very unsure. We don’t know the answers. I think … Democracy and the Left in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Ben Turok …

… Britain takes control of the Cape Once revolutionary armies of France invaded Holland in 1795, the British feared that the French would take control of the Cape then under the …

… The Democratic Alliance (DA), previously named the Democratic Party (DP), was formed on 8 April 1989, when the former Progressive Federal Party, Independent Party and … This organisational history is a modified extract from the following source: Selikow, G. (2000) Democratic Party …

… After the Anglo-Boer War, there were six British colonies in South … all separate, with their own governments. In 1910 four of the colonies were brought together as the Union of South Africa. The four old colonies became the …

… Causes of the War The First Anglo-Boer is also known as the First Transvaal War of Independence because the conflict …

… The TIC (Transvaal Indian congress) was first called the TBIA (Transvaal British Indian Association) which was founded in 1903. The organization was later named the TIC when India was no …

… The area between the Orange and Vaal rivers, originally known as Transoranje, … with its abundance of permanent water sources, was the hunting grounds of the San  at the beginning of the 19th century. However, other …

… By the early 1980s, the Congress movement was becoming established as the most effective force in the fight against apartheid throughout the country. With the …

… The Mfecane (a Zulu word which translates to “the crushing”) or Difiqane (a Sotho word which translates to … of Nguni and other Zulu wars and forced migrations from the 1820s. The Mfecane is characterised as a revolutionary …

… The history of the Young Communist League (YCL) dates back to 1921, although the organisation observes 25 May 1922 as the date of its official formation. History reveals that …

… Like all other Black ethnic groups, the Coloureds also fell victim to segregation and repressive … by Colonial and successive governments since shortly after the founding of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal and the Boer Republics. The … Lewis. G. (1987), Between the Wire and the Wall , Cape Town & Johannesburg: David …

… Background The establishment of the Teachers’ League of South Africa (TLSA) emerged out of increasing racial segregation in the Cape. While segregation had been established early in the … Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South Africa , (Cape Town), pp.79, 95-96, 133-135.| …

… The three Basotho Wars (1858-68) and the formation of Lesotho The conflict between the Basotho people and White settlers in … Available at: www.sesotho.web.za [Accessed 10 June 2009]| "The encounter between the Basotho and the missionaries of the Paris Evangelical …

… The Natal Indian Association (NIA) was formed when the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) and the Colonial Born and Settlers Indian Association (CBSIA) … (1940). Natal Indian Association, A true story of the unity move – an explanation and exposure, 13 April 1940 , …

… One of the most important developments in South Africa in this period was the formation of the Pact Government in which the push for independence from …

… BC Humans begin to migrate from Africa to other parts of the world 8500 BC – 6500 BC In the Sahara Desert region, the people develop the use of pottery and use it for tools …

… 1920 February, The Asiatic Inquiry Commission, headed by Sir Johannes Lange, is appointed to inquire into laws concerning the right of Asiatics to trade and acquire fixed property in the Union. 12 May, the Asiatic Inquiry Commission, appointed …

… The series of clashes historically known as, Frontier Wars … back to 1779 when Xhosa people, Boers, Khoikhoi, San and the British clashed intermittently for nearly a hundred … and cattle among other things. Although periods between the wars were relatively calm, there were incidents of minor …

… On 30 July 2011, the South African Communist Party (SACP) celebrated its 90th anniversary. Initially known as the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), the party changed its name to the South African Communist …

… The South African government is divided into three parts: the Executive (the Cabinet), the Legislature (Parliament), and Judiciary …

… 18 February The German colony of Cameroon falls to French and British … after 17 months of fighting. 21 February–19 December The Battle of Verdun begins. Verdun, a French fortress town, was located in the western shadow of the Meuse river, close to the …

… stands over Steve Biko's open casket in his home before the funeral, attended by 20,000 mourners at King William's Town. Source: The Drum Archive / african.pictures The 1976 Soweto riots ushered in an era of increased …

… Introduction The battle of Cuito Cuanavale and the Cuban intervention in Angola is one of the turning points in Southern African History. It led to the … B.J. & Spies, S.B. (eds) (1993). South Africa in the 20th Century, Pretoria: Van Schaik Academic.|Mills, G. & …

… Poqo was formed as an armed wing to the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) during the 1960's and was known for its aggressively violent … campaign. Unlike other resistance organisations of the time, such as uMkhonto we Sizwe , Poqo made no effort to …

… on Afrikaner self-determination 23 April 1994 BETWEEN THE FREEDOM FRONT, THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN-GOVERNMENT/ NATIONAL PARTY TAKING NOTE of …

… 1948 May 26 , The National Party (NP) wins election and immediately … trade unions and certain individuals speaks out on the possibility of a political strike. December , A new leadership nurtured in the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) comes into …