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Article1970s: Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa
… stricter laws and police violence. In 1955, an important document called The Freedom Charter was agreed upon at the …
ArticleWalter Sisulu Timeline 1912-2003
1912 18 May, Walter Ulyate Max Sisulu is born in Engcobo District in the Transkei, in the same year, the ANC was formed. 1920 Walter returns from his…
ArticleChanges in modern forms of communication
The Postal system The act of sending letters from one person to another developed soon after the invention of writing, however, the creation of a formal…
ArticleList of people banned under Apartheid
… Fraternal of Langa, Guguletu and Nyanga which produced a document entitled “The Role of the Riot Police in the Burnings and Killings in Nyanga, Christmas…
The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA): CODESA 1
… the parties. David Welsh (2009) notes that it was a ‘bland document, long on ideals, but short on critical details’. … government argued that it could not…
ArticleCape Schools Join the Revolt
… was to stay put, watch, analyse, come up with a historical document, and later on submit a questionnaire to the public. …
Ruth First Untold by Jerry Saena
This article was written by Jerry Saena and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project Abstract: Ruth Heloise First was a…
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1990s
… that Deplete the Ozone Layer. 25 January, Extracts of a document written by Nelson Mandela in anticipation of a …
ArticleRivonia Trial 1963 - 1964
Often referred to as "the trial that changed South Africa,” in October 1963, ten leading opponents of apartheid went on trial for their lives on charges of…
ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1950-1959
1950 In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Mandela trained at the Donaldson Orlando Community Centre. He excelled at boxing and shared his love of the sport…
Segregationist Legislation Timeline 1950-1959
Immorality Amendment Act, Act No 21 of 1950 This Act was one of the most controversial pieces of Apartheid legislation. It prohibited adultery, attempted…
ArticleHIV/Aids in South Africa timeline 1940s-2009
… 12 August, South Africa added three signatures to the document authorizing the Global Fund to release a …
ArticleThe turbulent 1950s - Women as defiant activists
In the 1950s the government's increasingly repressive policies began to pose a direct threat to all people of colour, and there was a surge of mass political…
The First Slaves at the Cape
On March 28 1658 the Dutch merchant ship the Amersfoort anchored at Table Bay with 174 Angolan slaves in her hold. These slaves constituted the first shipment…
ArticleA History of the Springbok Legion
The Springbok Legion (SL) was a leading organisation formed in 1941 to fight for the rights of soldiers during World War II and in the post-war period. Over…
ArticleEarly African Civilisations: Ancient Egypt, Nubia and Swahili
Ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptian civilisation grew for thousands of years intact because the Nile River Valley and Mediterranean and Red Sea border kept…
ArticleCongress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
… ahead of the summit, claiming they had not seen the document. In the end, the Azactu and Cusa unions rejected the …
ArticleAmericas by the 1500s
European ‘Discovery’ of the Americas Where and what is America? 'America' has more than one meaning. It is usually taken to mean the United States of America…
ArticleHistory Grade 11 - Topic 4 Contextual Overview
… building was firmly anchored in the late 1950s when the document called the Freedom Charter was adopted by the ANC, as a policy position. This document…
Article2016 in Review
In 2016 South Africa History Online celebrates 15 years of being a public open source heritage site. What a journey it has been. At the end of the first week…
Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre, in 1960, signalled the…
ArticleThe International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF)
The International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF) was established by Canon L John Collins of St Paul’s Cathedral in 1956. Its mission was to work towards a…
ArticleBlack Consciousness Movement Timeline 1903-2009
… 5 June, UWC’s SRC issues Die Geel Dokument (the yellow document), listing student grievances and calling on …
ArticleHistory Grade 10 - Topic 1 European Societies
Important events and systems in European Societies during the 1600’s Robb Schultz, “Europe leading into the 17th century (1600’s)”Image Source The…
Biography of Arthur Nortje by Kangkang Yang
Abstract: For most of his life, Arthur Nortje’s poetry remained relatively unknown, especially since he died very young at 28. Activist Dennis Brutus called…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
Introduction Sharpeville shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid…
ArticleThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Anti-Apartheid Struggle
… question of the use of violence. Kotane gave the Soviets a document he had written, titled ‘Notes on Some Aspects of the …
Political changes from 1750 to 1820
… new district than he/she had to carry a pass – an official document which allowed a Khoi to work or live on a new farm …
ArticleIndian South Africans timeline 1930-1939
… Indians can be relocated. Malan also produces a signed document by South African Indian leaders, including Advocate …
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1950-1959
After coming to power in 1948, the National Party-led government began implementing apartheid by passing a series of racist laws, notably the Population…