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… the  Indian Opinion .  The newspaper becomes Gandhi's, the Transvaal Indian Congress, Natal Indian Congress and … Gazette. This Ordinance requires every Indian man, women and child of eight years and above, to register his or … 1 000 deported and two people lose their lives. 1907 March 22, The Transvaal Parliament passes the  Asiatic …

… In one of the largest demonstrations staged in this country's history, 20 000 women of all races marched to Pretoria's Union Buildings on 9 August 1956, to present a petition against the carrying of passes by … South African History Online,  'The Women's Struggle in South Africa'  , [online], Available at: …

… art pioneer Ama Onabolu completes art studies at St. John's Wood School of Art; London. Spain is defeated by Abd el … Brussels, and travels to three other European venues. Aba Women's Riot, a major revolt in eastern Nigeria against … National Congress, The Communist Party of South Africa 1956 Various representatives of African nationalist parties …

… art pioneer Ama Onabolu completes art studies at St. John's Wood School of Art; London. Spain is defeated by Abd el … Brussels, and travels to three other European venues Aba Women's Riot, a major revolt in eastern Nigeria against … National Congress, The Communist Party of South Africa ) 1956 Various representatives of African nationalist parties …

… The St Andrew's congregation was established in 1890 and the cornerstone of … in a neo-Gothic style, was laid by Lord Milner on 15 March 1905. It was officially opened on 8 October 1905 by … The Carpeting and Communion Table were the Gifts, of the Women's Guild in 1953.  The Present  Panelling in the Vestry …

… 1920, Document 5 - "Trade Union Notes", The Bolshevik, March 1920 (Extract) Document 6 - M. Lopes, "Socialism and … Voices." The International, 27 January 1922 Document 8 - S. P. Bunting, The "Colonial" Labour Front, 23 October 1922 …

… occupations to whites and coloureds only. Repealed by s 20 of the Mines and Works Amendment Act No 27 of 1956 Albert Luthuli starts his education at the Groutville … divides land between black and white people.African women resist the imposition of residential passes, organising …

… to SA in 1931 and, with Lilian Ngoyi and other prominent women, led the women's march to the Union Buildings in 1956 . She was arrested several times for her involvement in …

… 28 March 1652, the Dutch Merchantman, the 'Amersfoort', anchored … at the Cape with a cargo of 174 Slaves. The Amersfoort's arrival in Table Bay, with Slaves in its hold, firmly … Library, the first Post Office, Deeds Office, and the Women’s Auxiliary Services of the South African Defence …

… Indian Congress (SAIC) meets in Durban and appoints S.R. Naidoo as the SAIC's nominee to the Young Committee. … and 'Coloured' people and Tamil people moved in. White women get the vote. This means in effect that the weight of … Repealed by s 20 of the Riotous Assemblies Act No 17 of 1956. June, Clements Kadalie is banned from the Rand. June, …

… Areas The Campaign in the Rural Areas Participation of Women in the Cop Campaign The Role of the Black Trade Union … carry that ideology to the masses. (my emphasis) Mandela's frank remarks reveal, firstly, that the ideological terms … increased from 170 in September 1954 to 240 by September 1956. At a provincial conference held on 9 September 1956 …

… region for Johannesburg and stole a cow from the regent's herd to raise funds for their trip. As they couldn't leave … The ANC congress resolves to review its position on women membership. Dr. A.B. Xuma is elected as the Chairman of … organized by the newly formed Anti-Pass Committee. March, The ANCYL provisional committee publishes its Congress …

… of resistance and defiance continued to emerge. Biko’s death threatened to unleash a new wave of protests, and … diplomats. A ban on open-air gatherings was extended to March 1978. The outrage of the US Congress at Biko’s death … Social Education and Cultural Education (ASSECA) Black Women's Federation National Youth Organisation Eastern …

… Baard and Barbie Schreiner 'Before dawn on 5 December, 1956, the security branch of the police entered the homes of … of high treason. The next month after that protest of the women to the mayor in Port Elizabeth, the same year, 1956, a … ready to leave that same morning for Johannesburg. That's how it was. They come and fetch you at your house without …

… afraid of state action against the magazine and had Berry’s photographs flown out to London from where it was … He had to report to the police station daily.  1971 In March, Peter Magubane is arrested and spends 98 days in … Timmins. Savimbi’s Angola (1980) You Have Struck a Rock: Women and Resistance in South Africa , an exhibition …

… gone to school immediately like her brother, Emecheta’s childhood was filled with the stories of her people and … for voicing her desire to achieve human rights for African women. Writings Her writings have been said to show her as an … of motherhood as well as the double standards for men and women. Emecheta’s most important lens that most people never …

… Africans timeline 1900-1909 1900 The East London Mayor's Minute for 1899-1900 states that 1,000 refugees from war in … 1903-04, lists 259 Indians as voters (nine of which are women), compared with 3 242 White voters. 1905 The … will exclude Asiatics from obtaining trading licences. 2 March, The Transvaal British Indian Association protests to …

… following year, at their national conference, the activist women's organisation, the Black Sash , passed a resolution calling … he led the battle against TB and HIV/Aids. He died in March last year. Charles Bester, who runs a guesthouse in … A. (2009). 'HELL NO! we didn't go Saying no to apartheid's army' from The Times [Online] 24 Oct.  Available at: …

… Asiatics to trade and acquire fixed property in the Union. March, Smuts forms government with narrow parliamentary … cape Franchise. Dr. Abdurahman of the African People's Organisation (APO) was elected as the chairperson. 20 June, … as The Rand Rebellion. The first significant action by women in the rural areas occurs in Hershel. Boycott of stores …

… miners strike, article regarding Federation of Transvaal Women (FEDTRAW) did not just celebrate the 1956 womens's protest march , but also encourage women to unite and play …

… regarded as South Africa Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU's)  most successful achievement in the 1950s and 1960s. … summer, harassed, arrested and beaten up by the police. Women walked, with babies on their backs and bundles of … as threatened, the Company closed down all services on 1 March. It was clear that the economic burden of Apartheid …

… Front (NEUF). The Transvaal African Teachers Association's (TATA) Rand branch launches a teachers' salary campaign. … a similar assurance to the Natal Municipal Association. 14 March, The Lawrence Committee holds its inaugural meeting in … The ANC congress resolves to review its position on women membership. Soon after I.B. Tabata's criticism of the …

… men could participate - As there was no opportunity for women to become political leaders in the world, there was no … 318 athletes who participated, 12 were women. South Africa’s first Olympians The third modern Olympic Games, St Louis, … The 16th Modern Olympic Games, Melbourne, Australia In 1956 a modern Olympic Games was for the first time hosted in …

… supported future segregatory legislation. The Commission’s report issued in 1905 supported and recommended a political … through the relocation of Indians to designated areas. The Women’s Enfranchisement Act also excluded Indian women from … D: Bulawayo Chronicle, S. Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), 9 March 1960 Jailed under the Immorality Act. Note that the …

… treason. Consequently, on the early morning of 5 December 1956, and some days later, one hundred and fifty-six leaders … People was to become the central focus of the prosecution's case, and the Freedom Charter a key document in the trial. … Congress of Democrats, the Federation of South African Women, the South African Congress of Trade Unions and the …

… Central Prison under Section Six of the Terrorism Act. 26 March, The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act No. 26 comes into … that it would be resuming arms sales to South Africa’s apartheid government. November, Mandela was allowed his … given a 12 month sentence to be served at the Kroonstad women’s prison, of which she served 6 months. The government …

… 1994 27 April,South Africa's interim constitution which was adopted in November 1993 … to UNESCO. It was forced out of the organisation in 1956 because of its policy of apartheid. 1995 14 February, … has a population of 43 million people, 22 million of them women. 4 November, Free State Provincial Premier Patrick …

… Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Germany (5 May 1818- 14 March 1883) and was an economist, political theorist, and … him to live in exile with his wife and children [3] . Marx’s best-known works include the 1848 pamphlet titled The … of the Russian revolution, how and where do we position women’s involvement in these male-dominated spaces? The …

… labour control and land expansion Before South Africa's vast mineral wealth was discovered in the late nineteenth … call on government, as they did at Wesselton mine in March 1894 when three miners were shot dead by the Kimberley … itself. Migrant Workers Image source Impact of Mining on Women and Families Miners were usually recruited from all …