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ArticleYouth Politics in South Africa in the 1970s
… returned in the later 1970s as trained cadres of MK’s June 16 Detachment. The increased number of bombings in the … and 1980s were carried out mainly by…
ArchiveFrom eNcome over Bloedrivier to eNcome and Beyond by Ben Khumalo-Seegelken
… least two oral versions about the battle on and around 16 December 1838 circulated among the earlier inhabitants of … took place [or did not take place] at…
PlaceDelmas
… Southern Ndebele speakers constitute 8.5%, Zulu speakers 16.2% and English 7.2%. Bothibelong is one of the oldest …
ArchiveAppendix 4 Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe by Denis Goldberg
… issued by the Command of Umkhonto we Sizwe, 16th December 1961 Units of Umkhonto we Sizwe today carried out planned …
Document 11 - Second letter from Nelson Mandela to Hendrik Verwoerd
… I REFER YOU TO MY LETTER of 20 April 1961, to which you do not have the courtesy to reply or … National Conference in Pietermaritzburg on 26 March 1961,…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 3: Turning points in South African History, 1960, 1976 and 1990
… This law required all black South Africans over the age of 16 to carry a pass book, known as a dompas, everywhere and at … that "We got a notice that we were…
BUT NOT FOR BREAD ALONE
… to form a Johannesburg Council of Unemployed Workers in 1961 gives some indication of the seriousness of the … sky-rocketed and transport costs to travel the…
ArticleFederation of South African Trade Unions (FOSATU)
… Trade Unions (FFATU) disintegrated in the 1960's. It had 12 partners representing 45 000 workers. The organisation …
EventCongolese activist,Patrice Lumumba is briefly arrested
… 1 December he was imprisoned at Thysville. On 17 January 1961 he was flown to Elisabethville in Katanga where on 13 February 1961 it was announced that he…
EventRobben Island is turned into a maximum security prison
… was officially turned into a maximum security prison in 1961. It was used to incarcerate more than 3,000 political prisoners between 1961 and 1991, the…
References and links: Learning from Leaders
… (2013), ‘ Nelson Mandela: A life in pictures ’, from BBC, 16 December, [online], Available at … February 2015] BBC, (2013), ‘ Nelson Mandela ’, from BBC, 16…
ArticleThe Battle - Andries Pretorius and his men advance
… two gaps in the laager and in each, a canon was placed. 16 December 1838: The Battle At dusk on the 15th December the …
ArchiveChimamanda Ngozi Adichie: A Reformist-Feminist by Charles Nwosu
… articles for the university journal, the Campus Lantern. [12] By 2003, she had completed her master’s degree from Johns … of authority, and inheritors of…
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1910s
… and Walter Rubusana present). Mines and Works Act No 12: Permitted the granting of certificates of competency for … The first batch of Indian passive…
The Battle of Square Hill
… after the required number of men had been enlisted on 12 December 1915. [vi] Only unmarried men between the ages of … which took place during the day and…
Biography of Mtutuzeli Dudu Pukwana by Nick Mencia
… the silencing of their voice by Apartheid South Africa [12] . On their fourth track “Andromeda”, The Brotherhood of … these two things happening, and it is…
EventTanganyika becomes a member of the UN
… On 14 December 1961, Tanganyika became a member of the United Nations(UN) … the country gained independence from Britain on 9 December 1961. At the time…
Biography of Bessie Emery by Elizabeth Venditti
… and resistance. [xi] Bessie Emery married Harold Head in 1961, then settled in District Six, until Harold started a … or the PAC, [xiii] in the 1950s, and…
ArticleWomen’s resistance in the 1960s - Sharpeville and its aftermath
… Both organisations were driven underground. By mid-1961 Congress leaders had come to the realisation that … their FSAW structures were no longer in place. In…
ArticleTimeline: Father Trevor Huddleston
… Eastern Tanganyika), a position he holds for eight years. 1961 Father Huddleston becomes the Vice-President of the AAM, …
EventThe first Prime Minister of the DRC, Patrice Lumumba, declares martial law in Katanga
… 1 December he was imprisoned at Thysville. On 17 January 1961 he was flown to Elisabethville in Katanga where on 13 February 1961 it was announced that he…
ArticleNguni Stick Fighting
… would be made by the owner before a fight. At the age of 16 a Zulu boy would be taken into the forest by his father … http://ejmas.com/jalt/jaltart…
Colonial conquest and resistance, Pre 1900
… the Great Trek, an emigration North and Northeast of about 12 000 discontented Afrikaner farmers, or Boers. These … defeated at the famous Battle of Blood…
Mandela’s membership of the Communist Party: what needs to be reassessed by Tom Lodge
… taken by police from party members they had arrested in 1961 and 1962 which hitherto historians have dismissed as … recruitment, referring to events that…
Vella Pillay
… our arrival was the British Communist Party. We called at 16 King Street seeking a meeting with Palme Dutt, who's …
BiographyCecyl Esau
… in 1986 for his political activities. He was sentenced to 12 years and sent to Robben Island. During his imprisonment, …
Indian South Africans timeline 1980-1989
… M.J. Naidoo. They occupied the British Consulate until 12 December. 1985 August, Billy Nair was detained again after …
55. S.A.I.C. deputation sees the Minister of the Interior, 1925
… Congress met the Minister of the Interior in Pretoria on 16 November 1925. They opposed the Areas Reservation and …
ArticleThe Western Cape Farm Workers Strike 2012-2013
… was inspired by the Marikana Massacre that occurred on 16 August 2012, where the South African Police Service (SAPS) … should be conducted on a farm at the…
ArticleTimeline of the Group Areas Act and Selected Related Pieces Legislation
… (South African Institute of Race Relations, 1960: 146). 1961 Group Areas Amendment Act, No. 23 of 1961 provided that … In addition to requiring all Africans…