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ArticleCommunity histories in Port Elizabeth
Xhosa community The pre-1994 apartheid system of homelands or 'Bantusans' denied Xhosa people South African citizenship and attempted to confine them to the…
Article1956 Women Marchers
# 1956 Women Marchers is an initiative of the Albertina and Walter Sisulu Foundation and South African History Online to gather the names and stories of the…
ArticleHuman evolution
Evolution refers to the slow process of human adaptation over millions of years. The roots of humanity are believed to lie in South Africa, where the earliest…
Comparison between racial policies of Nazi Germany before 1938 and apartheid laws in South Africa
The ideas of Social Darwinism also affected South Africa. Because of South Africa's long colonial and apartheid history, the ethnic and racial terms that have…
ArticlePhotography and the Liberation Struggle in South Africa
Introduction We are not dealing with sets of statistics. We are talking about people of flesh and blood, who laugh and cry, who love and hate, who enjoy…
ArticleTowards a people’s culture - Art and Resistance under Apartheid
Art in the state of siegeThe Sharpeville Massacre was one of the most important turning points in the history of South Africa. It triggered a chain of events,…
ArticleHeritage day, Braai Day or Shaka Day: Whose Heritage is it Anyway?
BackgroundHeritage Day is one of the newly created South African public holidays. It is a day in which all are encouraged to celebrate their cultural…
ArticleSAHO Commemorates 40 Years since Soweto Uprising: Intergenerational Dialogue
South African History Online (SAHO) is hosting an intergenerational dialogue to commemorate 40 years since the Soweto Student Uprising. The dialogue consists…
ArticleAfrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB)
The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) was an ultra-right wing organisation led by Eugene Terreblanche, that first came into prominence in the 1970s. It aimed…
ArticleContemporary South African Artists
For the month of August 2016, in honor of women, South Africa History Online (SAHO) began collaborating with Artthrob in an effort to highlight women artists…
Grade 9 Archive
This archive features classroom material that is no longer required in the curriculum. Human rights issues during and after World War II: When reading about…
Cecile Mella
Cecile was born into a family with American, Italian, French and Mexican influences in Montpellier, in the south of France in 1983. After studying literature,…
ArticleAftermath: Sharpeville Massacre 1960
International responsesThe Sharpeville massacre was reported worldwide, and received with horror from every quarter. South Africa had already been harshly…
ArticleZion Christian Church (ZCC)
The largest and fastest-growing of the African independent churches in the 1990s is the Zion Christian Church[i] . Its members, estimated to number between 2…
Mandela: Message to India
South African History Online Mandela: Message to India 18 June 1994 [On the occasion of an India-South Africa Solidarity Meet to discuss the post…
ArticleThe Nile river and its influence on settlement
‘Not only is the Egyptian climate peculiar to that country, and the Nile different in the way it behaves from rivers elsewhere, but the manners and customs of…
ArticleNamibian Timeline
Introduction Since independence, English has been Namibia’s only official language. This was a controversial policy and remains contested. This timeline…
ArticleGrade 12 - Forms of civil society protest emerged from the 1960s to 1970s
It is important to note that South African events do not occur in a vacuum, as we are part of a large continent and a much larger world. Therefore, what…
ArticleGrade 6 - Term 1: Kingdoms of southern Africa: Mapungubwe, Thulamela and Great Zimbabwe
This topic describes the history of the southern African kingdoms of Mapungubwe, Thulamela and Great Zimbabwe with a special look at how they were organised…
ArticleProvincial histories
In this topic we will look at the heritage and identity of South Africa’s different provinces, including each one’s government and symbols. We will also look…
Art lost in a time of struggle by Mary Corrigall
Thami Mnyele and Medu Art Ensemble Retrospective During the past few years the Johannesburg Art Gallery has focused attention on black artists who were…
TCOE Online Exhibition
Photo-documentary Exhibition and Land dispossession history The text and gallery of images within this feature are concerned with the crucial issue of land…
Gallery
This extensive history through pictures gallery documents the role that women have played in the liberation and democratisation of our country from 1900…
ArticleUnion, Segregation, apartheid and Democracy: From Union to non racial democracy
The 1910 election: The Union of SA The first election that created the modern South African state, held in accordance with the provisions of the Union of…
ArticleSophiatown Timeline
Pre-1860s South Africa is still a predominantly agrarian 1860s-1880s This period marks a turning point in South African history when the discovery of…
ArticleMissionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925
A study of missionary settlement and the spread of Christianity in southern Africa during the period 1800 - 1925, including a piece on the role of missionaries…
ArticleSouth African Defence Force (SADF)
Early years The history of the South African Defence Force (SADF) can be traced to the 1660s. When Jan van Riebeeck landed at the Cape in 1652, he had with…
ArticleThe spread of these ideas to Europe and Australia
The indigenous inhabitants of Australia The continent of Australia was settled about 60,000 years ago. Before European settlement, most of the inhabitants of…
ArticleGrade 12 - How SA emerged as a democracy from the crises of the 1990s
During the 1980s, the apartheid government came under increasing internal pressure. The National Party attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by…
Sierra Leone’s Pre-colonial and Colonial era military and security forces
The study of armed forces in Africa tend focus on the contemporary peculiarities with little understanding of or regarding for the history of the nations,…