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… apartheid. The book, Letter to Farzanah , was launched on 12 September 1978 and was banned the day after the launch. …

… lifelong friends. After completing his Matric (Grade 12), the highly political young Adams applied to study at the …

… excelling, political resistance suffered a harsh blow. On 16 June, 1976 the Soweto uprising, comprised of 20,000 … schools, was brutally attacked by police. On September 12, 1977 Steve Bantu Biko died while in custody. Soon after, … Pascal Gwala’ from Poetry International Web, October 12 [online]. Available at http://www.poetryinternational.org …

… and SACP called for a national day of action on June 26th.12 May, The Immorality Amendment Act No 21 of 1950 is passed, … thereby fulfilling a promise he had made earlier. 16 March, The Riotous Assemblies Act No 17 is passed. In … movement during the trial, which lasts until 1961. 19 December, the Treason Trial prisoners were held in …

… Law Amendment Act No 94 of 1974. Mines and Works Act No 12 of  1911 Permitted the granting of certificates of … Act No 46 of 1959. The Representation of Natives Act No 16 of 1936 The Bills proposed by General Barry Hertzog in the … Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, Act No 32 of 1961. Riotous Assemblies Act, Act No 17 of 1956 In terms of …

… National Congress (ANC), accepted the award on his behalf. 16 December, Nelson Mandela had a life membership to the … Army raids Matola in Maputo, Mozambique and assassinates 12 ANC members. This is confirmed by General Constand … support for the ANC in a statement made at the funeral of 12 ANC members killed in the South African raid on Matola, …

… of 41 leading members of the party between March 1961 and April 1966. The detention and banning of leading … members of the NCL, donated money to the ANC in May 1961 to support a stay-away call in protest against the … from the NCL to the African Resistance Movement (ARM). On 12 June 1964  ARM issued a flyer  announcing its existence …

… President. South African State Presidents from the NP From 1961 to 1994, South Africa's head of state was called the … was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state. The … of State President. Ceremonial: Charles Robberts Swart (1961-1967) T.E. Donges 1967 (Elected, but never inaugurated …

… Gold Medal of the South African Nursing Association on 12 May 1961 in recognition of distinguished and exceptional service …

… , Inauguration of Campaign for Right and Justice December 16 , ANC conference adopts Africans' Claims (including "Bill … (1946-1948) June 23 , Second National Anti-Pass August 12-15 , African mine workers’ strike August 14-15 , Meeting … covered by the indictment in the treason trial of 1956-1961 October-November , Riots in Port Elizabeth (October 18), …

… on the same footing as those of other races.' 1980 16 707 were convicted on politically-related charges. 768 … on their release from detention on 27 February 1980. 1980 12 January, A British Sports Council team begins a three-week … is now willing to negotiate over disputed land. 1980 12 February, The Quail Commission, examining, at the request …

… World War I and was formally disbanded on April 19, 1946 [12] UN Partition Plan - This was a proposal by the UN which … Arabs getting killed or chased away from their homeland. [16] Authoritarianism - This is the enforcement of strict … 30, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zionism. [12] …

… A third, Nontombi Naomi, was born in 1960.  At the end of 1961, Tutu was ordained as a priest, following which he was … writing the letter was to spread political propaganda. On 16 June 1976 , Soweto students began a wide scale rebellion …

… 1959 Tshabalala-Msimang matriculates from Inanda Seminary. 1961 Tshabalala-Msimang receives her Bachelor of Arts degree … to work as Health Minister shortly following her recovery. 12 August, The Sunday Times publishes an article called … in the interim presidency of Kgalema Motlanthe. 2009 16 December, Tshabalala-Msimang dies due to complications …

… not the laying down of arms, to facilitate negotiations. 16 March, It is announced that talks between government … security forces to play an effective peace-keeping role. 12 February, Negotiators of the ANC and the South African … members of the ANC's National Executive Committee since 1961, together with senior members of the armed wing MK …

… legally elected Prime Minister for the country. After only 12 weeks in power, the new government was deposed in a coup … arrest. He was executed by a firing squad on 17 January 1961. It later emerged that Lumumba’s death had been …

… Moteka 9.Hlayiseka Chawane 10.Sipho Mbatha 11.Kenny Kunene 12.Mandisa Makesini 13.Hlengiwe Hlophe 14.Marshall Dlamini 15.Mpho Ramakatsa 16.Sam Matiase 17.Alfred Motsi 18.Parks Khayane 19.Patrick … 9.Sipho Mbatha 10.  Kenny Kunene 11.  Mandisa Makesini 12.  Hlengiwe Hlophe Central Command Team as at January 2015 …

… 87 resisters 54 resisters 37 resisters 25 resisters 16 resisters 7 resisters 3 resisters 5 resisters Imprisonment … 500 £ 362 £ 319 £ 200 £ 157 £ 150 £ 148 £ 115 £ 100 £ 52 £ 12 Resisters who served a total of 5 months and over Mrs … 33 Ushers 2 Welders 8 Clerks 37 Hospital Orderlies 12 Trade Union Secretaries 4 Secretaries\Bookkeepers 12 …

… which runs Saturday classes for Grades 10, 11 and 12 learners in Uitenhage. He focused mainly on learners who …

… Six Hour Siege Sequence of events as reported by the media 12.00 – 1:15: The armed Trio enter the Volkskas Bank; … arrested nine ANC members. All nine were part of the June 16 detachment, a generation of MK recruits thrown up by the …

… War wanted to distance themselves from the English. [12] This Kultuur campaign strove to uplift the low morale … people from different cultural and racial backgrounds. [16] However, Afrikaans became a political tool after the … Internet Archive, (Uploaded: 14 May 2009), (Accessed: 12 March 2020), Available at: …

… areas on the Reef, killing 18 and wounding 30 people. 12 May, The Immorality Amendment Act No 21 of 1950 is passed, … the National Day of Protest. To read the flyer click here 16 June, Rev J.J. Skomolo writes a letter to Professor Z.K. … movement during the Treason Trial which lasts until 1961 20 December, The Treason trialists are granted bail with …

… for White and non-White people to have relations. In 1959, 12 Members of Parliament (MPs), including Suzman, broke away … Africans eligible to vote. In the general election of 1961, the Progressives were nearly wiped out, and only Suzman …

… against AIDS at the 13th International AIDS Conference. 12-15 July, President Thabo Mbeki gives the keynote address … " 46664 : Give one minute of your life to Aids" campaign. 12 September, Ray Alexander Simons communist and trade … Mandela Centre of Memory and Commemoration Project. 15-16 November, The ANC hosts a council meeting of the Socialist …

… 1961 FNLA and MPLA begin a guerrilla campaign to overthrow … in Jose Eduardo dos Santos assuming the presidency. 12 May 1980               South African troops infiltrate …

… its first acts of sabotage. During the evening of 16 December 1961 five bombs were detonated in Port Elizabeth. The MK High … Administration Board were all bombed. Between December 1961 and June 1963 more than 200 installations were attacked …

… and paupers in the colony to Robben Island. A group of 16 lepers and 13 destitute persons from Port Elizabeth are … and forward them to the government in Cape Town. 12 May, The first public concert to be held in Port Elizabeth … 1950 Parliament passes the Union Group Areas Act. 1961 The first zoning of Port Elizabeth under the Group Areas …

… the aims of the banned ANC and for organising the May 1961 stay-at-home protest. However, on 09 March 1963 he was … others. They were charged in October 1963 and on 12 June 1964 the Rivonia Trialists were sentenced to life …

… was ordained as a deacon in 1960, and became a priest in 1961. He moved to London in 1962, where he completed his … as Archbishop, Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 16 October 1984 for his untiring efforts in calling for an …

… entrance and fees are as follow- Monday - Sunday 08:30 - 16:45 (Last ticket into the Museum at 16:15) (Last ticket to … card and Zapper, or at the ticket office. ​Children under 12  are- Free. Young Adults, aged between 12 - 18 Years are- R30. Adults aged between 18 - 60 Years …