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… to the campaign by enacting the Criminal Law Amendment Act and the Public Safety Act in January 1953, which made future protest virtually impossible. …

… never been restored to them. Since the Land Restitution Act of 1994 does not make provision for land which … and with colonial slave populations, as well as with Bantu-speaking farmers and white settlers. This created a … languages (which include English, Afrikaans and nine Bantu languages) not one is a Khoisan language. …

… for breach of contract under the “Masters and Servants Act”. The ANC launches a labour campaign and threatens to … strike. The police kill 18 persons in Alexandra. 1951 The Bantu Building Workers Act is passed. 1953 The ‘Bantu Services Levy Actss’ and the ‘Bantu Transport …

… to implement apartheid. 1940 Electoral Laws Amendment Act of 1940 is passed. The act provides for the compulsory … an address at the Mendi Memorial Celebration held at the Bantu Sports Grounds, Johannesburg. In his address Xuma … (ANCYL) is officially formed by young radicals at the Bantu Men`s Social Centre in Johannesburg. Amongst some of …

… the eastern Transkei, resentment against the imposition of Bantu Authorities touched off a series of fierce reprisals by … with the sending of deputations to local authorities and Bantu Affairs commissioners throughout the country to demand … in South Africa, 1882-1964, Vol.3: Challenge and Violence 1953-1964 , Hoover Institution: Stanford University …

… Coloured People’s Organisation (SACPO) was formed in 1953 at a Coloured People's Convention in Cape Town. The … segregationist legislation was the Population Registration Act of 1950. It was a law that placed every South African … national executive committee at its National Conference in 1953 to invite other political organisations to the Congress …

… 1960 1 January, Minister of Bantu Education assumes control of University College of Fort … and a six-month suspended sentence. Unlawful Organisations Act used to ban the ANC and PAC. 31 March, Four more … 1961. A case in compliance with Section 2 (A) of the Act 8/1953 (Instigation) is made against him. 3 May, All police …

… after him in the 1930's. During the implementation of Bantu Education from 1953, its name was changed to Amanzimtoti Zulu Training … training school; he was later to be the first African to act as the head of the training college of African teachers …

… for the apartheid system: the Population Registration Act, the Group Areas Act, amongst others. Pietersburg’s MP, … who now fell under the local council as defined by the Bantu Consolidation Act. The City Council also set up a … North Sotho. Known after 1962 as Lebowa, the Department of Bantu Administration set up an office in Pietersburg, as the …

… of the strike were arrested under the Riotous Assemblies Act . However their charges were later withdrawn after the … known to their employers. They wanted the City Council to act as Johannesburg had done. Unfortunately in this … the works committees operating under the guidance of the Bantu Labour Officers. This structure excluded union …

… dynamite, the immigration of women, the Possession of Arms Act, and the railway system, which had been extensively … been stabilized , and that to leave would be ‘almost an act of cowardice’. He prevailed on Milner to agree to a …

… years under section nine of the Suppression of Communism Act No.44 of 1950 . This created a logistical nightmare for …

… The Ciskei was established under the Bantu Authorities Act of 1951 as an 'independent republic'. The creation of …

… on apartheid laws such as the pass laws, the Group Areas Act, the Separate Representation of Voters Act, the Suppression of Communism Act, the Bantu Authorities Act. Cachalia wrote me that in January 1952 … York office, and raised some funds. At one time in early 1953 we received about $700 for the campaign through the …

… on apartheid laws such as the pass laws , the Group Areas Act, the Separate Representation of Voters Act, the Suppression of Communism Act, the Bantu Authorities Act. Cachalia wrote me that in January 1952 … York office, and raised some funds. At one time in early 1953 we received about $700 for the campaign through the …

… ANC ‘Programme of Economic Advancement’ announced in mid-1953 displayed a new sensitivity to the preoccupations of the … day. At the Cape provincial congress of the ANC in August 1953 Prof. ZK Matthews proposed the summoning of a ‘national …

… women who had borne the brunt of the pass laws decided to act. Drawing inspiration from the first meeting of the  South … State and other areas as well. After the formation of the Bantu Women’s League in 1918, Charlotte Maxeke led a … ANCWL) led a demonstration in which passes were burnt. By 1953 there were still sporadic demonstrations taking place …

… They found a legal loophole in the Riotous Assemblies Act, to attend 'private conferences' in spite of their ban.  … into the civil liberties of all South Africans. * The Bantu Authorities Act, No. 68 of 1951 , which abolished the … National Congress to replace the disgraced Dr J.S. Moroka. 1953 The Communist Party of South Africa holds its first …

… Wessel Johannes (Hansie) Cronje was brought about by an act or omission prima facie amounting to an offence on the …

… control through enforcing pass laws, the implementation of Bantu education, and forced removals under the Group Areas Act. The massacre of unarmed protestors at Sharpeville, near … government then moved to pass the Unlawful Organisations Act on 7 April 1960, which banned both the ANC and the PAC. …

… first 600 to be ‘named’ under the Suppression of Communism Act. 1952 15 March, Gillian, First and Slovo’s second daughter, is born. 1953 First is a founder member of the South African Congress …

… such as the Pass laws and amendments to the Immorality Act. In 1951 the Separate Representation of Voters Bill to … Cape. All were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act with promoting communism but were released on bail. Four … 15 leaders were also found guilty and sentenced in 1953 for nine months, suspended for three years. Although the …

… removals, indefinite detention without trial, Group Areas Act, the Bantu Education Act and in later years land reform were all brought to the …

… stone is erected in her honour in Johannesburg. 1918 The Bantu Women's League of the South African Native National … The abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents Act extends passes to women. Bibi Dawood recruits volunteers … is arrested for her involvement in the Defiance Campaign. 1953 Bibi Dawood joins the ANC and is sent by the committee …

… not being suspended to appease the unfounded protests of Bantu agitators, but because the jails can no longer … 1960 – The government passes the Unlawful Organisations Act which will allow the minister to ban any organisation … of the Extension of University Education Amendment Act, Act No 34, which prohibits Black students from attending …

… despite their constituting over 75% of the population. The Act of Union denied them voting-rights in the Transvaal and … The most important law passed was the Natives' Land Act of 1913. This law reserved 93% (revised to 87% in 1936) … the formation of early women's political movements. The Bantu Women's league (BWL) was formed in 1913/14 as a branch …

… despite their constituting over 75% of the population. The Act of Union denied them voting-rights in the Transvaal and … The most important law passed was the Natives’ Land Act of 1913. This law reserved 93% (revised to 87% in 1936) … the formation of early women's political movements. The Bantu Women's league (BWL) was formed in 1913/14 as a branch …

… of the Western Cape Province; the enforcement of the Bantu Education System; the packing of the Senate by Nats. in … roll; the implementation of the Population Registration Act; the re-classification of Coloureds; the alteration of … to suit the interests of the Nats.; the enforcement of the Bantu Authorities Act; the continuation of exiles and …

… (‘language used by Europeans to servant “boys”’), Basic Bantu, Mine Kafir, Kitchen Kafir, Kitchen Zulu, [and] Isikula … “FANAKALO,” 29. ↵ [31] D.T. Cole, “Fanagalo and the Bantu Languages in South Africa,” African Studies 12 (1953): 3. ↵ [32] Ibid., 211. ↵ [33] Cole, “Fanagalo and the …