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… better known as the Pretoria Iron Mines Ltd. It was there, in 1918, that cast-iron from indigenous ore was produced on a large scale for the first time in South Africa. Delfos became a major promoter of Iscor when it was established in 1928, and the company later developed about this …

… Nellie duToit was born on 17 December 1929 in Pietersburg (now Polokwane) into a musical family. Thus, … began to sing opera. After completing her school education in 1946, she enrolled for the Diploma in Opera Singing at the South African College of Music in …

… Introduction 1. The conference in general agreed with the characterisation of the international situation as outlined in the discussion document, however the commission decided to … how imperialism has mutated into a sophisticated system in the globalised world, often associated with violence and …

… This study of "protest art" in South Africa for the period 1968 to 1976 presented me with several difficulties of research in relation to decisions regarding intention and tone. In examining a sketchily documented and - as I argue - little …

… 35 of 1906, which dealt with hawkers' licences, operated in the Cape in much the same way as the Dealers' Licenses Act in Natal. The following document reproduces a memorial …

… Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the small village of Mvezo, in the district of Qunu near Umtata, Transkei (now known as Eastern Cape). Mandela became involved in politics while being a student at Fort Hare University …

… In 1900 British troops occupied Utrecht during South African … headquarters. The British were wary of having to camp in high altitude area where their health were going to be affected by the mounting heat in the sunny South Africa and Utrecht provided them with a …

… ex­istence the massive black working class concentrated in the urban centres, and in so doing entirely changed the conditions in which the struggle - fought for many generations against …

… Congress did not sufficiently represent their interests. In their view, trader interests predominated in the Congress. They were disenchanted with the limits that … surfaced visibly when the S.A.I.C. decided to participate in the Colonisation Enquiry Committee. The colonial-born felt …

… and throughout South Africa were becoming active in distinctive, often uniformed, Christian female organisations. In the 1950s an important sociological study of these church … women's organisations, but of all African organisations in South Africa' (Brandel-Syrier, 1962:97). This early, …

… Ethiopia, formerly Abyssinia, is a landlocked country in the East of Africa. It shares one of its borders with … , to the North East. The Ethiopian Kingdom was founded in the 10th Century (BC). Ethiopia is even documented in the King James Version of the Bible. Archaeologist have …

… Headquarters, Pretoria. Stables and they were Erected in the 1890 by the Government of the Zuid-Afrikaansche … formed an important Historical and Architectural clement in the History of the Defence Headquarter and the Military … under its Commando System. Shortly after their Formation in 1881, a question arose regarding the training and training …

… capitalist society affected the lives-working people in the factories and at home. This section looks at how these … workers acted to change the world they found themselves in. We shall see how they coped with riding poverty in those years and how, day-by-day and year-by-year, they …

… furnaces, the later one - now vandalised - possibly still in use in the early 1800s. But by mid century there was a rudimentary Boer republic in place, the previous black inhabitants were well on their …

… ANC`s highest honour. Ray Alexander Simons was involved in the liberation struggle from an early age, and remained … all forms of oppression. The ANC joins all South Africans in paying to tribute to a remarkable, dedicated and selfless … RAY ALEXANDER SIMONS Ray Simons, born Rachel Alexandrowich in 1913 in Latvia, became active in the underground Latvian …

… Drakensberg, running North and South, join the main range in the North, forming a plateau from 2,700 to 3,200 metres, in elevation. This plateau is the centre of the … of the Caledon (Mohokare). Three other important rivers in Lesotho are the Senqunyane in the centre of the Country, …

… of the Congo (now known as Democratic Republic of Congo).  In 1951 Tshombé was elected to the advisory provisional … Belgian-supported Conakat, the strongest political party in Katanga. During the Brussels-Congo Conference held in 1960, Tshombe pressed for a loose federation of …

… Development of Langa location In the course of the Inter War Years the regulations of the … a more formal structure for African Urban administration. In 1923 the Urban Areas Act was passed to enforce the compulsory residence of Africans in locations . Following the removal of Black people from …

… From the book:  All That Glitters by Emilia Potenza Life in Southern Africa changed greatly because of the discovery … (1867) and gold (1886). As with the Industrial Revolution in Britain, there was a very different way of life before the … For most of the 19th Century almost all people in South Africa lived off the land. They farmed for …

… ventures from equestrian activities to art workshops. In a large courtyard in the grounds of the Oude Molen Eco Village, Maitland, Cape … Town, stands South Africa’s oldest windmill. Completed in 1782, it will be 200 years old in 1982, fourteen years …

… now entered the Valley. Roodepoort (meaning “red valley” in Afrikaans after the red soil found in this Area) is now a mix of: Residential Suburbs; Agricultural Holdings; Mining in the South of Roodepoort. There is some Commercial activity …

… port. The nine-day evacuation, the largest of its kind in history and an unexpected success, saved 338,000 Allied … defenders were a poor match for the German Wehrmacht. In a lightning attack, the Germans raced across Western … the British Admiralty called on all British citizens in possession of sea-worthy vessels to lend their ships to …

… the working class: A political Biography by Doreen Musson In the more liberal climate of Cape Town Johnny Gomas seemed … of the ICU, an organisation which he had joined while in Kimberley. The ICU was formed through the mobilisalition of mostly black dockworkers. In June 1919 a branch of the Industrial Workers Union of …

… Ocean Regional Air Navigation Conference taking place in this magnificent province of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. As … here today that includes experts and technocrats in civil aviation, this gathering takes place under the … Regional Implementation Plan for Aviation Safety in Africa in the Africa-Indian Ocean (AFI) Region as adopted …

… From the book:  Women and Gender in Southern Africa to 1945 edited by Cheryl Walker Question: … 'BUT' Women's suffrage was a minor but persistent issue in white politics between 1892, when a motion calling for a qualified franchise for women was defeated in the Cape House of Assembly, and 1930, the year when a …

… In 1961, the Swiss Fernand Francis Haenggi (b. 1934, Dijon, … next to the Head Office of the Progressive Federal Party in the Rand Centre in the Johannesburg CBD. In the late 1960s the gallery …

… Party', pamphlet published by the War on War League (SA) in March 1915.  Document 2:   'Pamphlet 'The Labour Party's Duty in the War, a Reply to the ''see it through'' Policy, Signed … 3:  'The New International, By the Editor', published in The International, September 10, 1915. Document 4:  'The …

… of 22 German Lutheran mission congregations established in the former Natal and Transvaal. The farm Kroondal, which was in existence since 1843, was registered in 1858 in the name of Jan Michiel van Helsdingen. A mission …

… arap Moi was first appointed to one of the African seats in Kenya's Legislative Council in 1955. Moi then won an elected seat on the council in 1957; he and other African council members became …

… This engine was manufactured in England in 1879 by the firm of Kitson and Co, of Leeds, and was … Railway. It is the oldest working steam locomotive in the country, and was declared a National Monument under …