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1990s: Women in the pre-election period
South Africa in the 1900s (1900-1917)
Introduction More than two and a half centuries prior to the birth of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, Jan Van Riebeeck and his expedition of Dutch Calvinist…
BiographyReverend Walker Stanley Gawe
Walker Stanley Gawe was born in 1899 on 30 November in the Herschel district of the Cape, where both his parents were teachers. He attended St. Matthew's…
BiographyRissik Haribhai "Barney" Desai
Rissik Haribhai "Barney" Desai was born on 10 April 1932 in Durban. He grew up as an Indian but was "reclassified" Coloured in 1957. His father was an…
Poqo political trials and the execution of its operatives in the 1960s
Mass mobilization of the 1950s culminated in the Sharpeville massacre on 21 March 1960. Soon thereafter the apartheid government banned the African National…
Ebrahim Badsha
… landscape and portraitist traditions. In the early 1940s he worked for a short time in Johannesburg at the …
BiographyBilly Paddock
Billy Paddock, of Irish extraction, grew up in Durban, Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal) in the 1950s. He attended Glenwood High School in Durban where he excelled at…
ArticleCommunism in Russia 1900 to 1940
How was communism applied in Russia under Lenin and Stalin? Background and Focus In this topic, as well as the next, the rise of the two economic systems…
BiographyDenis Mayer
Denis Mayer was born in Parkwood, Johannesburg, on 8 September 1923. His father, Harold, was the Recruitment Manager for the Chamber of Mines, and had come to…
BiographyHotep Idris Galeta
‘Cecil Galeta’ was born on 7 June 1941 and grew up in Cape Town, South Africa. However, he was more commonly known as Cecil Barnard; Barnard was his father's…
BiographyBettie du Toit
… as the Secretary of the NLDCW Cape Town branch. In the 1940s she became secretary of the National Laundry, Cleaning …
BiographyThomas Patrick Murray
… old South African Trades and Labour Council in the late 1940s and was affiliated to the South African Federation of …
BiographyPoomoney Moodley
… passion for fighting injustice was first ignited in the 1940s when she accompanied her father to meetings in Durban …
BiographyMafika Pascal Gwala
Mafika Pascal Gwala was born on 5 October 1946 in the town of Verulam, a region predominantly inhabited by Zulus and Indians, in what was then Natal province …
BiographyDr. Frene Noshir Ginwala
… and did not rise back onto the political scene until the 1940s when it was remodelled as a mass movement [13] . Out of …
ArticleNelson Mandela Awards 1960s - 2000s
Awards 1960s 1964 Elected Honorary President of the Students' Union, University College, London. 1965 Elected Honorary President of the Students'…
BiographyDavid Wilcox Bopape
… there was no race or gender discrimination. In the late 1940s, he also served on the editorial staff of Inkululeko, a …
ArticlePoqo in the Western Cape and Transkei in the early 1960s
The formation of the Pan Africanist Congress’ (PAC) Africanist Task Force (ATF) preceded the formation of party’s military wing Poqo in February 1960. After…
BiographyJeanette Carlson
… imposition of apartheid on the country in the late 1940s. She saw the importance of questioning the apartheid …
BiographyElza Miles (Botha)
Elza Miles (nee Botha) was born in 1938. In 1960 Miles obtained a BA in Fine Arts at the University of Pretoria, followed by a BA Honours in Afrikaans…
BiographySefako Mapogo Makgatho
… campaigns of the ANC in the Transvaal well into the 1940s. At this stage, aged over 80, Makgatho was still …
Why did so few Black South Africans make films before the 1990s?
There are less than a handful of black directors who made films before the 1990s. The reasons for this are the same reasons that kept black people out of other…
ArticleGrade 12 - How SA emerged as a democracy from the crises of the 1990s
During the 1980s, the apartheid government came under increasing internal pressure. The National Party attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by…
BiographyZainab Ebrahim Asvat
… with the political situation in the country. It was in the 1940s that Zainab became politically active. She became the …
BiographyEnuga Sreenivasulu Reddy
… already interested in the anti-apartheid movement in the 1940s, when the struggle in South Africa took on new forms …
BiographyJean Bernadt (nee Alkin)
Jean Alkin was born on 19 May 1914 in Panevezys, Lithuania. She was the eldest of four children. Jean’s family moved to South Africa when she was about six…
ArticleTrade unionism blossoms and women become more assertive, 1930s
ArticleANC and the early development of apartheid 1948-1950s
In 1948 the Nationalist Party (NP) won the election, and began to introduce the policy of apartheid. The African National Congress (ANC) reacted immediately to…
ArticleMusic and culture as forms of resistance
… impact. Township music was also heavily influenced in the 1940s and 1950s by American music and American movies. Hollywood's two all-Black musicals in the…
BiographyLeo Linda Sihlali
… degree from the University of South Africa (UNISA). In the 1940s Sihlali contributed to the regeneration of the All …