The History of Al-Shabaab
… did not destroy Al-Shabaab, although at the start of 2007 the situation looked grim for the group. Undeterred, … often indiscriminately attacked civilians. By the end of 2007, Al-Shabaab represented the main armed opposition to the … Africa’, African Affairs 114, no. 454 (2015): 1–27, p.11 ↵ [xiv] Bryden, ‘The Reinvention of Al-Shabaab: A Strategy …