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Background to the Freedom Charter 1955
… the first campaign pursued jointly by all racial groups under the leadership of the ANC and the South African Indian … of Unjust Laws. I shall obey the…
Article1946 Indian Passive Resistance Timeline
… fact that the scheme was segregated. The DCC refused to construct further houses for Indians because of their … the Indian Penetration Commission ( Broome…
ArticleAnglo-Zulu Wars 1879-1896
… 1870s settler and colonial determination to bring Blacks under firm political control had undermined the hard-won … colonies, Boer republics and independent…
ArticleEastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878
… a large-scale war was precipitated when some frontiersmen under Barend Lindeque, including the lawless Coenraad de Buys … 2012] In spite of the fact that two…
PlaceWestern Sahara
… decide whether they wanted an independent Western Sahara under Polisario Front leadership or whether the territory … widespread protests against its presence…
PlaceVanderbijlpark
Vanderbijlpark is south of Johannesburg, on the banks of the Vaal River. It is considered an industrial city in the Gauteng province of South Africa, known for…
PlaceSomerset Hospital, Cape Town
The Somerset Hospital in Green Point opened in 1864 and has been declared a National Monument. The Hospital replaced one of the same name in Cape Town which…
Address at the AGM of the SADC Electoral Commissions Forum Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania 27 September, 1999
… to emphasise the point that we have no choice but to construct genuinely democratic systems of government within … specific architecture of the democratic…
First Matabele War
… and headed in a south-westerly direction towards Bulawayo under the overall command of Major Patrick Forbes. Their objective was to overcome the power of the…
BiographyKasturba Gandhi
… chamber pot in the morning, unaware of the house rules. Under these circumstances, Gandhi wanted Kasturba to join him … He did not want her to enter the…
Natal Performing Arts Council (NAPAC)
… NAPAC was founded on 25 July 1963 under Chris Lombard as the first director. The first office … NAPAC was later replaced by a newly formed entity under CEO…
Closing speech by Oliver Tambo at the ANC conference "Peoples of the world united against apartheid, for a democratic South Africa", 04 December 1987, Arusha
… and succumb. Together we shall bring into being and construct the world of justice we all seek, extending a …
Closing Speech at the ANC Conference "Peoples Of The World United Against Apartheid, For A Democratic South Africa" by O. R. Tambo, Arusha, 4 December 1987
… and succumb. Together we shall bring into being and construct the world of justice we all seek, extending a …
Political revolution between 1820 and 1835
… argue that it was set off by the rise of Zulu Kingdom under King Shaka Zulu (that formed part of the Mthethwa … kingdom and rise of the Zulu state and its…
ArticleA decade by decade events account of the women’s struggle in South Africa
… against the carrying of passes by women. February 11 , Under an agreement with General J.C. Smuts , Gandhi secures … South African Native National Congress …
The Changing Nature of the African Working Class: Migrant Workers, Identity and Struggles by Sithembiso Bhengu
This paper was submitted to the 1973 Durban Strikes Celebrating 50 Years Conference Abstract The history of the African working class is symbiotic…
PlaceSahara Desert, in North Africa.
The World’s largest Desert – The Sahara – is comparatively well represented on the World Heritage Sites with four extensive sites featuring: Spectacular eroded…
English Settlement in South Africa
… 1632 and 1640, the British also placed a group of Khoikhoi under the command of Autshumato (or Harry) on the Island. … British ships on their way to India. …
ArticleDurban Timeline 1497-1990
… 1497 24 December, A flotilla of three Portuguese ships under the command of Capt Vasco da Gama sailed up the eastern … where she remained immovably stuck…
Polokwane the Segregated city
… instituted in 1913. Pietersburg got its first constabulary under Sgt JPJ Buitendag in 1917. The town’s activities … was published in Pietersburg just as Die…
ArticleEarly civilisations
… large rivers. Most of these civilizations were organised under a central and organised leadership. These civilizations … and Central America) Note: Some…
ArticleIndenture: A new system of slavery?
… defines the word "slavery." In ancient times, for example, under the Romans, a people defeated in war were usually taken … contracted his labour for a…
ArticleForced Removals in South Africa
… era, [ii] so to understand those which famously occurred under the Group Areas Act (and heavily influence urban … to consider the legislation preceding that…
ArticleTimeline of Land Dispossession and Segregation in South Africa 1800-1899
… in Grahamstown and Cradock. 1813 The freehold land tenure under a perpetual quitrent system is introduced. It replaces …
ArticleState of Emergency - 1985
… of everyday life for 37 years - the apartheid government, under PW Botha , declared a partial State of Emergency on 20 … anti-apartheid leaders, and the…
ArticleHarriet and the Bolton Hall Four
… and Halton Cheadle were banned for five years under the Suppression of Communism Act on 1 February 1974. … The GWIU was TUCSA’s second-largest affiliate,…
ArticleDefiance Campaign 1952
… the first campaign pursued jointly by all racial groups under the leadership of the ANC and the South African Indian … of Unjust Laws. I shall obey the…
BiographyAbdullah Abdurahman
… that APO stood for Abdurahman's Political Organisation. Under his leadership the APO grew into a body of several …
ArticleThe Basotho
… defended his people against attacks from the Ndebele under Mzilikazi, the Griquas, the Boers on several occasions and the British, under the control of…
ArticleWay of life in ancient Egypt
… rule of omnipotent rulers. All of Egypt was subjugated under one ruler, the Pharoah, who was god, king and high … priesthood and civil service administered…