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… trader who settled in Griqualand East in the 1860s and made his home at Riverside. A notorious miser whose mode … a vast fortune through a string of trading stations and extensive dealings in land. At one stage he also issued … until 1935 when they became illegal. The Strachan and Co trade tokens are the best researched and most sought …

… Mahatma Gandhi , a champion of passive resistance and non-violent campaigns left the Tolstoy Farm in Transvaal … people, he left behind only his friend Hermann Kallenbach and a few Africans who lived there. The farm, initially known … trees with peaches, apricots, figs, almonds, walnuts and a small plantation of eucalyptus trees. Gandhi was …

… Pretoria  Supreme Court ordered the South African Medical and Dental Council (SAMDC) to hold an inquiry into the … by Port Elizabeth security police on 18 August 1977 and held for 20 days. Sometime between 6 and 7 September, Biko was beaten and tortured into a coma. …

… The poverty and vulnerability of the South African Republic (Transvaal) … Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881). There were 4 decisive battles and several sieges during the First Anglo-Boer War, including the Battle of Majuba and 3 others: Bronkhorstspruit, Laingsnek and Schuinshoogte. …

… David Goldblatt bought a Global Positioning System and a series of survey maps. His concept was to pinpoint the exact intersection of every latitude and longitude line in South Africa, and standing on that point, let his eye roam until it framed …

… the former Progressive Federal Party, Independent Party and National Democratic Movement merged. Under the combined leadership of Zach de Beer, Denis Worrall and Wynand Malan, the DP won 36 seats in Parliament in the … a Bill of Rights, for an independent judiciary and for a federal Constitution in which the powers of the …

… From Perspective on Ideas and the Arts TERKEL: Here in a suburb of Durban, South … Albert John Lutuli, winner of the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize, and deposed chief of the Zulus of the Groutville Mission … Lutuli, one of the world`s most distinguished citizens and a leader of his people in the true Christian sense, is …

… Klein Karoo in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and lies on South Africa's, Route 62 . The Farm, on which Calitzdorp stands, was granted to JJ and MC Calitz in 1831. In 1924 a railway line was opened, in 1937 electrification and a new cement road to Oudtshoorn was completed. The …

… Operation 'Agreement', raid by British, Rhodesian and New Zealand troops on Tobruk, Barce, and Benghazi was planned to destroy installations, shipping and also to stop Italian forces from reaching Tobruk and …

… dead at night in her home in Lingelethu West. Mapongwana and her husband woke up to the sound of shots being fired from the front and rear windows of their house. Petrol bombs were thrown through the windows and set furniture on fire. Mr Mapongwana dragged his wife and …

… provide municipalities facing a consumer electricity and rent boycott, with financial support to service arrears … The cut-off included other services such as water and waste removal. The water cut-off in Tumahole left … by calling on workers to stay away from their work and scholars also boycotted their classes to demonstrate …

… carry out raids on alleged ANC targets in Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Several people are left dead or injured. The … the ANC's operational headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia and bases in Ashdown Park, Harare and Gaborone, Botswana. Such raids were not new, the first …

… Magisterial district and division in the North-West in the Cape Province. Named … Prime Minister of the Cape Colony four times between 1878 and 1902. It was formerly known as Koranaland. Upington is … Gordonia is arid, with a scanty rainfall of 102 to 152 mm, and a hot Summer climate. Population (1970): White 16 323; …

… Cardinal Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, Ghananian Peter Turkson, and the Sudanese Gabriel Zubeir Wako. However, the … of Wako had serious political implications for him, and his country's minority Christian population. Wako had … the Sudanese government's policies of Islamacisation and Arabisation, which sought to transform the country into …

… Congress (PAC) members, which began in December 1977 and had already taken over 100 court sessions, resumed in Bethal (also known as State v Mothopeng and seventeen others). The defendants faced two main charges under the Terrorism Act, and a number of alternative counts under other legislation. …

… used to transport cargo or passengers, as more reliable and efficient aircraft's such as the latest Airbus and Boeing variants have replaced it in that role. The … used for airborne refuelling, electronic warfare, command and control and early warning. This aircraft replaced the …

… released after my first spell of 5 months detention plus 7 and a half years more as a sentenced prisoner, just three … earlier. I had anticipated the possibility of re-arrest and now it happened. The previous year had been mainly one of … adopting the Harare Declaration in Harare, in August 1989 and remained out until late January 1990, though I did not …

… that brings together different parties with different and conflicting views. We are willing to negotiate and to reach consensus on issues placed on the agenda. We … not develop positions but merely go to listen to business and government and respond with no mandated positions …

… of South Africa brings you this urgent call to unity and mass action, by political prisoners on Robben Island to all patriots of our motherland. Nelson Mandela and hundreds of our comrades have been in the racist regime`s … written to deal with the present crisis gripping our enemy and in the aftermath of the Soweto uprisings. It was smuggled …

… with his family after fleeing South Africa via Lesotho and Botswana. Woods was prosecuted seven times under the apartheid government's publication laws and sentenced to jail for revealing Security Police … Steve Biko, Woods was arrested by the Security Police and served with a banning order. Following attacks on his …

… became a political prisoner on Robben Island between 1964 and 1971, where he completed his Senior Certificate. After … from Robben Island he was restricted under a banning order and house arrest until 1976. In 1978 Davis joined the Cape … (CAP). The main objective of the CAP was to educate and empower South Africans of all races by introducing them …

… the Park has many sculptured flowerbeds, rolling lawns and shady spots. The facilities at this Park include a Rugby, a Cricket and Athletics Stadium.  The President Swart Park is situated … Parks on the West of the City Centre, President Swart Park and the Kings Park. The President Swart Park forms the focal …

… Black workers in the industrial areas of the Witwatersrand and the Vaal Triangle is called by Black unions and civic groups in protest over increases in rent and utility charges and over the unlawful arrests of Black …

… Reserve is home to the majestic Jonkershoek Mountains and parts of the Jonkershoek valley, it is a UNESCO World … ideal for hiking enthusiasts. The Eerste, Berg, Lourens and Riviersonderend Rivers all start high in these mountains, … the Jonkershoek Valley. The area is also rich in animal and plant life, with over 1 100 plant species and a variety …

… was viewed as a threat by the government. COSATU officials and members were subjected to physical attacks and arrests by the government agents. In the early hours of … was declared a health hazard by the City Council. Cosatu and its affiliates were forced to vacate their offices. In …

… of South Africa brings you this urgent call to unity and mass action, by political prisoners on Robben Island to all patriots of our motherland. Nelson Mandela and hundreds of our comrades have been in the racist regime's … written to deal with the present crisis gripping our enemy and in the aftermath of the Soweto uprisings. It was smuggled …

… Standard VIII. He came to the African Art Centre in Durban and was encouraged by Jo Thorpe to study at Rorke's Drift. This he did for a year, beginning in 1969. In 1971 and 1972, through the support of the NSA and the Italian Consulate in Durban, he attended the …

… a logical lead story for all South African papers, radio and television. Particularly as it was possible to establish … which the news was published by newspapers in Holland and Denmark, This was followed by a flurry of stories in papers and radio stations in Canada, the United States, Sweden and …

… his study uses the theoretical basis of writings of Lennin and Gramsci on revolutionary theory and praxis; and researches the policies, aims, memberships and structure …

… the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (Dutch Reformed Church) and of the Broederbond, an Afrikaner secret society. In 1961, … Vorster was appointed as Minister of Justice, Police, and Prisons and he used the law to vigorously suppress political … Hunter, J. (1987) Israeli Foreign Policy South Africa and Central America (Boston), p.29| The New York …