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EventMalawi voters take part in the first multiparty election in three decades
Present day Malawi became the British colony of Nyasaland in 1890, after aggressive diplomatic conflict with Germany. In 1964, Britain released the colony and…
PlaceEzakheni Township of Ladysmith
Ezakheni is an African township that was built in the old KwaZulu homeland about 25km from the town of Ladysmith. The area was established in 1972 and its…
Colonial history of Rustenburg
… until the platinum mining industry developed in the 1940s to become the backbone of the local economy. Civil war …
Re-emergence of resistance, 1980-89
By the early 1980s, the Congress movement was becoming established as the most effective force in the fight against apartheid throughout the country. With the…
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK)
On 16 December, 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). The formation of the MK Umkhonto…
Chapter 7 - CONCLUSION
From: The South African Communist Party In Exile 1963 - 1990 The Party, as an organisation, underwent a number of changes during the exile period, some of…
ArticlePondoland revolt - 1950 - 1961
The Pondo people fiercely resisted the rise of the Colonisersand their attempts to reshape and re-engineer Pondoland and to co-opt their Chiefs. Violence…
In the name of art - A reflection on fine art
Let these images be a tribute to the many artists who have died too soon and too young. Empraim gatane, Cyprian Shilakoe, Julian Motau, Thami Mnyele, and to…
ArchiveCHAPTER EIGHT: Indian Resistance Politics In Transition, 1990-1996 by Kumi Naidoo
This chapter comes from the book
40 Years of Shop Floor Resistance in a Rubber Factory by Sithembiso Bhengu
This paper was submitted to the 1973 Durban Strikes Celebrating 50 Years Conference Abstract This paper reflects on the 40 years (1970s to 2010s) of…
The people armed, 1984-1990
Introduction 1985, Desmond Tutu, armed only with the bible under his arm, confronts the SA forces during their attempts to break up a demonstration…
Article1960 - 1994: Armed Struggle and Popular Resistance
1984-1990:- The people armedIntroductionNumerous factors characterised the intensification of the freedom struggle against the National Party government in the…
PlaceIziko South African Maritime Centre
The Iziko South African (SA) Maritime Centre opened in 1990. It is based at the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront (V&A Waterfront), Cape Town, Western Cape. The…
Chapter 5 -The Character, Role and Significance of SASO
… to be the "Africanist" factions within the ANC during the 1940s and 1950s and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). She …
Pan-Africanism was Peter Abrahams’ Country by Tyler Flemming (Africa is a Country), 13 February 2017
On January 18, the world lost an icon. Only much of the world did not know it. South African-Jamaican writer Peter Abrahams died at 97 in Jamaica, where he has…
Everyone must take responsibility, 21 August, 2012 - Sahra Ryklief
On Thursday August 16, 34 striking miners were shot dead by police at Lonmin’s platinum mine in Rustenburg. It is not yet clear why the police were using live…
PlaceUniversity of Cape Town
The University of Cape Town is South Africa's oldest University! UCT is also one of Africa's leading Teaching and Research Institutions, with a number of…
The melody of freedom
A reflection on music Riot policeman Erasmus shot seventeen-year-old Mngcini 'Big Boy' Mginywa from Grahamstown at a funeral because, he told the judge, the…
ArchiveSishaywa Zimvula Nje, Simanikiniki Nje, Umhlol’Usekhaya – Reading Mafika Gwala in Times of Thunder and the Terror of the Elements by Sanibonani Molweni
Good afternoon Dumelang Hello Absheni! Hola! It is an honour to be with you this afternoon. The task at hand certainly daunts me. Yet, it is…
South Africa: Liberation and Reconciliation Role of International Solidarity, 8 April 2004
… Student action began in Britain as early as the late 1940s, because of the close relations between Britain and …
BiographyRonald “Ron” Press
Ron Press was born in 1929. His father a cinematograph operator became the secretary of the Cinematograph Workers Union, a post he held for over 20 years. He…
Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre, in 1960, signalled the…
The Colors of Resistance in Apartheid South Africa: Black Consciousness Poetry and the Racial Elusiveness of Wopko Jensma
The article analyzes Black Consciousness poetry of the 1970s and 1980s South Africa alongside the protest poetry of white South African poet Wopko Jensma. It…
Book 1: Ancient Civilizations and Global Trade - Chapter 4 - Some Reflections on Early African and South African History by Sekibakiba Peter Lekgoathi
From the book: Book 1: Ancient Civilizations and Global Trade commissioned by The Department of Education After 1994 politicians, historians, educators and…
The New Generation
A significant challenge to state policy as regards the visual arts was undertaken at The State of Art in South Africa Conference held in 1979 at the University…
Freedom In Our Life Time - Tributes to Lembede After His Death
… He studied at the Lenin School in Moscow. In the late 1940s, he served on the Central Committee of the Communist … A. Mokoena was an active member of the…
The Freedom struggle in Polokwane
The Freedom struggle in Polokwane/Pietersburg looks at the Resistance politics, the re-emergence of resistance in the 1980s, and political developments after…
ArticleDrum Magazine
The establishment of Drum Magazine in the 1950s, notwithstanding the newly-elected Nationalist Party’s policy of Apartheid, reflected the dynamic changes that…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Glossary
From the book: Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism commissioned by The Department of Education augur well - to be a sign that something…
EventThe Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) disbands
The Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) was the underground military wing of the Pan African Congress (PAC). APLA was formed in the 1960s, after the…