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The Freedom struggle in Polokwane
The Freedom struggle in Polokwane/Pietersburg looks at the Resistance politics, the re-emergence of resistance in the 1980s, and political developments after…
BiographyStephen Bantu Biko
IntroductionStephen (Steve) Bantu Biko was a popular voice of Black liberation in South Africa between the mid 1960s and his death in police detention in 1977…
David Goldblatt: Structures of Dominion & Democracy (Artthrob), 31 March 2015, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa
For five decades Goldblatt has travelled South Africa photographing sites weighted with historical narrative: monuments, as well as private, religious and…
EventSupreme Court changes ruling on forced removals, traditionally
From 1960 to 1983, the apartheid Government forcibly moved 3.5 million Black South Africans in one of the largest mass removals of people in modern history…
EventThe Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) disbands
The Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) was the underground military wing of the Pan African Congress (PAC). APLA was formed in the 1960s, after the…
PlaceNyanga Township
Nyanga, a sprawling, poverty-stricken illustration of Cape Town’s urban sprawl, Nyanga is one of the oldest Black townships in Cape Town. It was established in…
ArchiveHow colonial violence came home: the ugly truth of the first world war by Pankaj Mishra (The Guardian), 10 November 2018
… in 1920, to “German women”. Writing Mein Kampf in the 1920s, Adolf Hitler would describe African soldiers on German …
ArticleHistory of the ‘Indian Opinion’ newspaper
The Significance of Indian Opinion by Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie Department of History, University of the Western Cape Address to Conference on the Alternate…
Insurrections: The Storming
September 2015, District Six Homecoming Centre, Cape Town. Performance Curated by: Sumangala Damodaran, Tina Schouw and Ari Sitas Performance Visual: Piya…
ArticleThe Storming: Insurrections Ensemble
September 2015, District Six Homecoming Centre, Cape Town. Performance Curated by: Sumangala Damodaran, Tina Schouw and Ari Sitas Performance Visual: Piya…
Chapter 1 - The Victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948
From: Lessons of the 1950s By Richard Monroe, March-May 1984 Chapter 1 - The Victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948 The African National Congress (ANC) arose…
ArticleA Culture of Survival
It was a struggle to survive in the city. Workers' wages did not keep pace with the cost of subsistence, and most black families lived below the bread line. …
ArticleBlack Community Programmes (BCP)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, after the banning of the ANC and PAC, the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) resuscitated the anti-apartheid struggle in…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
Introduction Sharpeville shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid…
Afrikaner
From European to "Africaander” The modern Afrikaner is descended mainly from Western Europeans who settled on the southern tip of Africa during the middle…
EventTatamkhulu Afrika South African poet, writer and struggle activist dies
Tatamkhulu Africa was born in As Sallum in Egypt as Mohamed Faud Nasif to an Arab father and a Turkish mother on 7 December 1920. His parents relocated to…
Class, Consciousness and Organisation: Conclusion by Kumi Naidoo
This chapter comes from the book
BiographyBheki Cele
Life and Early Career Bhekokwakhe (Bheki) Hamilton Cele was born on 22 April 1952 to Albertina Mtshali and Gillford Cele at uMuzumbe Mission Hospital near…
ArticleDevelopments leading to the New Dispensation
By the late 1970s, and especially as a result of the June 1976 uprising, the Apartheid government was forced to consider reforms to Apartheid policy, pressured…
Article1973 Durban Strikes – TUCSA – Harriet Bolton
Following the 1973, Durban strikes, TUCSA seemed unwilling to hold to book employers. TUCSA had long paid lip service to the ideal of African unions registered…
Chapter 3 - SASO: The Ideology and Politics of Black Consciousness
For white South Africans the late 1960s was a time of political calm, rising living standards, prosperity and sharing in the sustained economic boom of that…
ArticleMandela and the South African Communist Party
Mandela and MK The late 1950s saw the first hints of an armed struggle occurring in certain parts of South Africa. Various types of armed resistance spread…
PlaceGallery 101
In 1961, the Swiss Fernand Francis Haenggi (b. 1934, Dijon, France) and his mother Mrs F.M.L. Haenggi founded Gallery 101 to showcase modern South African art…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Bibliography
From the book: Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism commissioned by The Department of Education Bonner, Philip. African Urbanisation on…
ArticleYusuf Dadoo Timeline
The Yusuf Dadoo timeline includes the history of one the leading members of the South African communist movement. Starting at the beginning of the South…
ArticleThe British Anti-Apartheid Movement
The reaction of the outside world to the development of apartheid was widespread, and by the 1980s posed a sustained challenge to the South African regime,…
BiographyJacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma
Early LifeJacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (Msholozi – his praise name) was born on 12 April 1942 at Nkandla in northern Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal). He is the first…
Pretoria the Segregated city
Contents Pretoria the Segregated city The Tomlinson Report Atteridgeville and Saulsville Hammanskraal Mamelodi Mabopane Laudium Eersterus …
ArchiveJohnny Clegg: South Africa’s universal man of uncommon passion by David Coplan, 25 July 2019
Universal Man: Jonathan Clegg “Sikeyi” (1953-2019). “Sikeyi” is a Zulu dance praise name: “The peg through a yoke that secures oxen in position, from Afrikaans…
ArticlePopular struggles in the early years of Apartheid, 1948-1960
Historians recognise the significance of popular struggles over the past 100 years. But debates among historians about their relationship to formal political…