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… 1920 February, The Asiatic Inquiry Commission, headed by Sir Johannes Lange, is appointed to inquire into laws concerning the right of Asiatics to trade and acquire fixed property in the Union. 12 May, the Asiatic Inquiry Commission, appointed …

… The series of clashes historically known as, Frontier Wars … back to 1779 when Xhosa people, Boers, Khoikhoi, San and the British clashed intermittently for nearly a hundred … and cattle among other things. Although periods between the wars were relatively calm, there were incidents of minor …

… 1700 The first "placaat" (ordinance or statute) restricting the importation of Asian slaves is promulgated. Dlamini … move south from Delagoa Bay and settle on land north of the Phongolo River; thereby forming the core of the future …

… The ANC in the 1920s was largely weakened and suffered from both … incapacity and financial constraints. During this period, the party attempted to reinvigorate itself by changing its name from the SANNC to the ANC, adopting a national anthem and a flag, …

… labour shortage forced White settlers in Natal to plead to the Indian Government to send its citizens to work in their cane fields. After protracted negotiations between the Natal Government and the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Natal Coolie …

… On 30 July 2011, the South African Communist Party (SACP) celebrated its 90th anniversary. Initially known as the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), the party changed its name to the South African Communist …

… The South African government is divided into three parts: the Executive (the Cabinet), the Legislature (Parliament), and Judiciary …

… 18 February The German colony of Cameroon falls to French and British … after 17 months of fighting. 21 February–19 December The Battle of Verdun begins. Verdun, a French fortress town, was located in the western shadow of the Meuse river, close to the …

… Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). The formation of the MK Umkhonto weSizwe ("Spear of the Nation") or 'MK' as it … (Eds)|Callaghy, T. M. South Africa in Southern Africa: The Intensifying Vortex of Violence, Praeger: New …

… Introduction The battle of Cuito Cuanavale and the Cuban intervention in Angola is one of the turning points in Southern African History. It led to the … B.J. & Spies, S.B. (eds) (1993). South Africa in the 20th Century, Pretoria: Van Schaik Academic.|Mills, G. & …

… Poqo was formed as an armed wing to the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) during the 1960's and was known for its aggressively violent … campaign. Unlike other resistance organisations of the time, such as uMkhonto we Sizwe , Poqo made no effort to …

… Explore some of the key moments and events that have helped shape the course of South African Communist Party. Follow the links for more detail. 1870 William H. Andrews (Bill), a … NASA, JUS, 919, 1/18/26, vol.13 – vol.15. Report from the Criminal Investigation Department at Potchefstroom to the …

… stands over Steve Biko's open casket in his home before the funeral, attended by 20,000 mourners at King William's … by Drum Photographer © Baileys African History Archive. The 1976 Soweto riots ushered in an era of increased confrontation between the state and political organisations fighting for …

… stands over Steve Biko's open casket in his home before the funeral, attended by 20,000 mourners at King William's … by Drum Photographer © Baileys African History Archive. The 1976 Soweto riots ushered in an era of increased confrontation between the state and political organisations fighting for …

… of Cooperation" Signed by Dr A.B. Xuma, President of the African National Congress, Dr G.M. Naicker, President of the Natal Indian Congress and Dr Y.M. Dadoo, President of the Transvaal Indian Congress ("Three Doctors' Pact"), 9 …

… on Afrikaner self-determination 23 April 1994 BETWEEN THE FREEDOM FRONT, THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN-GOVERNMENT/ NATIONAL PARTY TAKING NOTE of …

… Indians were officially recognised as a permanent part of the South African population and the Department of Indian Affairs was established with a White minister. Until then, the government had intended to ‘repatriate’ Indians, …

… British presence in the Cape between the 1600s and 1795 was largely confined to the shores of the Cape and Table Bay as a halfway stop by the …

… 1948 May 26 , The National Party (NP) wins election and immediately … trade unions and certain individuals speaks out on the possibility of a political strike. December , A new leadership nurtured in the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) comes into …

… 1940 Dr. A.B. Xuma is elected President-General of the African National Congress (ANC). Walter Sisulu joins the African National Congress. The population of Pageview is largely Indian and the area …

… The first leader of the National Party (NP) became Prime Minister as part of the PACT government in 1924. The NP was the governing party of South Africa from 1948 …

… Portuguese trading stations in West Africa and the slave trade Portuguese expansion into Africa began with the desire of King John I to gain access to the gold-producing areas of West Africa. The trans-Saharan …

… Cafes A number of notable restaurants arose in the Grey Street area. These included Simon’s Cafe, Goodwill … restaurants. Later on came Victory Lounge. It was here in the Grey Street area that the famous "bunny chow" originated. The "bunny chow" was an …

… Several factors seemed to pave the way to apartheid, among them a colonial conquest, land … exclusion from citizenship of Africans.  Part one examines the historical roots of apartheid, from the colonial occupation of the Cape in 1652 through the …

… The African National Congress (ANC) in exile developed … to influence public opinion within South Africa with the view to rebuilding its clandestine structures, countering … government propaganda to presenting its policies. The tactics it employed to meet its objectives changed over …

… Africa is the world’s second largest continent, both by size and … Africa, and being African, has become a core part of the identity of millions of the continent's inhabitants, but where does this word, to … Lewis, Martin and Karen E. Wigen. 1997. ‘The Architecture of Continents: The Development of the …

… The period 1860-1923 is characterised firstly by the introduction of indentured Indian labourers into Natal and of the "passenger" Indians who came to trade, and secondly by …

… During this period the ANC consolidated its hold on power but also faced both internal and external challenges. Significantly, the National Party, which was renamed the New National Party (NNP), was disbanded and some of its …

… All the content in this America section was developed from 2003 lessons, namely;   – America in the 1500s   – The Slave Trade The content below has been modified to align …

… claims in South Africa 16 December 1943 (Including 'The Atlantic Charter from the Standpoint of Africans within the Union of South Africa' and 'Bill of Rights,' adopted by …