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… their compounds, with only the sleazy eating-house cum 'native store' complexes around the compounds as an … black labour both inside South Africa and abroad - the Native Recruiting Company (NRC) and the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA); and through them it …

… Central Africa in Addis Ababa in January 1962, referred to unrest in the region: "In 1957 there was considerable mass unrest and disturbances in the country districts of Zeerust, … The 1986 country-wide State of Emergency, meant to quell unrest, lead to increases resistance instead. Union strikes …

… with Europeans, taking man for man and acre for acre, the native produces from a smaller extent of ground, and with … the areas of African occupation had been retained as native reserves. New cash taxes were imposed and enforced in … especially by making this tax payable in coins only; each native who can clearly show that he has worked for six months …

… in Cape Town in the twentieth century. The passing of the Native Reserve Location Act in 1902 gave impetus to the … to move to Langa. In 1923 the government passed the Native Urban Areas Act. This Act enforced the compulsory … as a result of the Witdoek vigilantes. The growing civil unrest in the townships in the 1980s and increased …

… organisation was initially founded as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) on 8 January 1912 in …

… scene, were not slow to play their part in this climate of unrest. Within the trade unions the names of militant working … into taking action against the authorities. There was unrest in Springs in 1945 when local women, with CPSA …

… during this period. Sporadic incidents of violence and unrest continued to occur throughout 1987-1989, killing …

… law shall apply to the persons belonging to any of the native races of Asia, including so-called Coolies, Arabs, … that such title cannot be transferred to an Asiatic, native or coloured person. 2) The Workmen's Compensation Act, … segregation. Indians to be confined to separate areas. i) Native Representation Act, Act 12 of 1936. ii) Native …

… that Britain had requested that the South African Native Labour Contingent provide 10 000 men to work behind … together. George V, centre, inspecting the South African Native Labour Corps at Abbeville, France, July 1917 © …

… from the municipality where they lived. In 1908 a special Native Administration commission was established to … in the Orange Free State. In March, the Minister of Native Affairs, Henry Burton wrote to John Dube the President … of six women presented their case to the Minister of Native Affairs, responded that in the future “he would take …

… recognise the union: on 9 February 1942 the Secretary of Native Affairs wrote to the Gold Producers’ Committee, which … present state of development, the overwhelming majority of Native mine employees are insufficiently advanced to understand the principles of Trade Union organisation. Native mine employees as a class are, as you are aware, less …

… the widespread support the ANC had in the township The Native Laws Amendment Act of 1952 is passed, destined to …

… movements, and in 1947 it demonstrated against the Native Affairs Commission, which wanted to remove squatters … the police: ‘We have done with pleading. We now demand!' Unrest spread to other towns throughout the province and … their fate in their own hands. An organization called the Native and Coloured Women's Association was formed in 1912 to …

… belief which was supported by Shepstone, the Secretary for Native Affairs. Shepstone averred that the Zulu people had … -many of them colonials (Whites) or members of the Natal Native Contingent (Blacks) – began carrying out the general … had retreated, driving their cattle before them. The Natal Native Contingent showed reluctance to face the Zulus, some …

… in the late 1870s and 1880s. For instance, the Native Educational Association (NEA) was founded in 1879. The … of nationalist organisations such as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in 1912. Thus, the area is …

… the first national political formation the South African Native Congress, from which to challenge white rule. Bambatha …

… and frustration in which the people are living. We see unrest and disturbances occurring more and more widely and …

… to Parliament on the following issues. Port Elizabeth  Native Location: New Brighton To meet the urgent necessity … limits of Port Elizabeth for the centralisation of the Native population at that centre, operations in connection … of the Location is in the hands of the Secretary for Native Affairs Department, and accommodation for all its …

… inferior ‘tribes’ and thus should practise traditions in ‘native’ reserves. Whilst, on the other hand, in the settler … rights of all citizens until 1930s, 1940s South African Native National Congress (now known as African National … Mangena) worked with established leaders of South African Native Convention to promote formation of a national …

… the age of 16. In addition an amendment was introduced the Native Urban Areas Act in 1952 which reduced the period of … townships. In Cape Town, people responded by burning the Native Affairs Department offices and two churches in Langa. … Campaign at the same place. The introduction of the Native Laws Amendment Bill to parliament also sparked …

… Act  that transferred Black education to the Department of Native Affairs and fixed the government's financial … The following year  Dr Verwoerd  , then Minister of Native Affairs, said that: “When I have control of Native Education I will transform it so that the Native will …

… 20 September, As the Marikana miners return to work, unrest continues at Amplats mines in Rustenburg, where …

… In response, John Tengu Jabavu convened the Cape Native Convention. Jabavu was an important Black political … would no longer be able to intervene on behalf of the native people and that the relationship between them and the … factors leading to the formation of the South African Native National Congress on 8 January, 1912, in Bloemfontein, …

… White South Africans armed themselves. The Minister of Native Affairs declared that apartheid was a model for the … stood at 128 to 16 in favour of the banning. Only the four Native Representatives and members of the new Progressive …

… was Black. This polarisation was reinforced by the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923 which required municipalities … subsequently extended into the now-infamous dompas . The Native Land and Trust Act of 1936 also precluded Blacks from …

… from the four provinces attended the South African Native National Convention (SANNC) in Waaihoek, Bloemfontein, … urban and rural poor. The main aim of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) was to represent the …

… High School is founded. 1942 Moroka is elected onto the Native Representative Counci l from the Transvaal / Orange …

… by the wants of the white population. The masterless native in urban areas is a source of danger and a cause of degradation of both black and white. If the native is to be regarded as a permanent element in municipal … Party (LP). The Rebellion was the result of severe labour unrest that had been simmering for some time. Both parties …

… can fail, in such conditions, to get into a state of unrest.' The broad mass of Reserve-based Africans were still …

… cut-off date of 1913, with the proclamation of the ‘Native Land Act’ , land restitution in the post-apartheid era … in the early nineteenth century, and hence the 1913 Native Land Act did not make any mention of Khoisan land … for the legitimisation of land claims prior to the 1913 Native Land Act .  Indeed, the issue of land restitution and …