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… as homogeneous groupings.6 This study focuses on the small Indian Muslim group. The broad objectives, to examine the … not only were there competing voices of authority among Indian migrants, but serious differences existed between the … two largest groups of Muslims in South Africa, Malay and Indian.8 The majority of Indian Muslims settled in KwaZulu …

… Land Alienation Ordinance, No 14 of 1922 Timeline: Anti-Indian Legislation. This ordinance enables the Durban City … Ordinance of 1924 This Ordinance attempts to cripple Indian trade. This Ordinance prevented Indian ownership of land in White areas. The Transvaal …

… whether we could compose songs that made sense across the Indian Ocean. Q: What is your specific relationship to music? … Coltrane, Don Cherry and even Duke Ellington approached Indian traditions. Q: Is the AfroIndian possible then?  A: … Sazi Dlamini. He had heard him talk of the proximity of Indian forms to African intonations. At first Ari thought OK, …

… , a collection of poetry-music collaborations between Indian and South African artists. It explores the …

… executives of the African National Congress, South African Indian Congress  (SAIC) and Franchise Action Council (FRAC) … February 21, Opens the 6th Annual Conference of the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in Durban with the speech ' Let us … Chief Luthuli opens the conference of the Natal Indian Congress in Durban. March 23, The executives of the …

… people. Cas spearheaded the formation of the Johannesburg Indian Social Welfare Association (JISWA), and served as its … Under the banner of the revived Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, they had mobilised the vast majority of South Africans of Indian origin to deliver a devastating blow against the …

… and first Archbishop of the Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean. 1981 April, With the death of Bishop Ambrose …

… also lived under appalling conditions and Coloured and Indian people fared a little better. Walker (1991:71) quotes … Communist Party Publication In the 1940s the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) also became more assertive and … in the rising tide of black resistance of the 1950s. Indian women and passive resistance in the 1940s Indian …

… South African racial groups: Black, White, Coloured and Indian. There are two ways in which these groups have been … by the apartheid government on the Coloured, Black and Indian groupings. In this way, the manner in which race, … [6] This issue was later addressed by grouping the Black, Indian and Coloured groups under one ‘African’ identity. [7] …

… apartheid (separateness) measures against Blacks, Indian immigrants and those of mixed race. 1949 October 6 , … the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) , the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) , and the provincial branch of the … the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) officials in some sixteen centres …

… ethnic bonds. During the colonial times, the Dutch East Indian introduced racial segregation. In 1795 the British … to those of Whites, and, to a lesser degree, to those of Indian and Coloured people. The Bantu Education Act of 1953 … separate universities were created for Black, Coloured and Indian people. Existing universities were not permitted to …

… was unable to implement its envisaged fare hike. The 1946 Indian Passive Resistance Campaign Dr GM Naicker, President of the Natal Indian Congress, addresses a Passive Resistance rally on 26 … scanned from photocopy Following the bus boycotts, the Indian community launched a Passive Resistance campaign from …

… Fatima, at Nursery Road, Fordsburg. He attends the Newtown Indian Primary School. 1940s Kathrada meets Yusuf Dadoo , … 1945 -1946 Kathrada is a founding member of the Transvaal Indian Volunteer Corps and that of its successor, the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress. He is later elected as its chair. 1946 …

… accelerated as a result of this phenomenon. At least one Indian, Bhyat, was not only a very successful business man in … Rosenthal, E. (1979) Rustenburg Romance . Perskor. Indian Community From bondage to freedom - The 150th anniversary of the arrival of Indian workers in South Africa Indians began to settle in …

… Club (Whites-only) is established. 1880 African and Indian soccer clubs are active in Durban and Johannesburg … SAFA affiliates to the English Football Association 1896 Indian football clubs come together to form the Transvaal Indian Football Association. 1897 The famous English amateur …

… problems. The campaign focused more on the coloured and Indian areas as they were directly affected by the new … scheduled for 22 August and for the House of Delegates (Indian) for 28 August. The UDF, its affiliates and other … was very low, with about 1 in 5 voting. Coloured and Indian students boycotted schools and tertiary institutions, …

… throughout the 1950s unrest in African, Coloured and Indian communities escalated, becoming more frequent and … according to whether they were White, Coloured, Black, Indian or Asian. People would then be treated differently … Passive resistance campaign mounted by the South African Indian Conference (SAIC). Therefore, inspired by the desire …

… another boost. Afrikaner women, like their African, Indian and Coloured counterparts, began to enter the labour … industrial sector. Segregation legislation against Black, Indian and Coloured South Africans increased during this … by law from becoming registered. Only White, Coloured and Indian workers were allowed to form and join registered …

… was one of the first drastic rights infringements for the Indian and Coloured populations (Marquard, 1969: 163). … layer in controlling the movement and life of urban Black, Indian or Coloured persons (Baldwin, 1975: 218). Rural … pass the “Class Areas Bill,” which would have restricted Indian residential and trading rights. However, the Bill was …

… Africa (CPSA) Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) South African Indian Congress (SAIC) Natal Indian Congress (NIC) Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) United Democratic Front (UDF) …

… The need for a controlled labour force: indentured Indian labourers (sugar); also labourers for railways and … Zululand to farm. A roster showing photos of newly arrived Indian labourers in Port Natal. Image source Many Africans … were also women who worked on plantations. Many of the Indian woman labourers married fellow male labourers, but due …

… and 121 ministers-was nearly R50 million a year. The Indian and Coloured MPs justified their participation in the … baulked at the prospect. While it agreed to accept ‘non-Indian’ pupils in principle, it sent a confidential … to abide by three conditions while considering ‘non-Indian’ pupils: ‘the character of the school must not be …

… conditions in locations, but actually expropriates Indian property. Under the pretext of Sanitation, the Act is … Minister of Interior empowered to exempt further areas for Indian occupation with possibility of freehold title. Act … Land Occupation Act of 1937 The right of farmers (Indian) to till their own soil challenged The Asiatics …

… enabled them to control the trade in the western Indian Ocean as well as the trade with the African kingdoms … people living there. The Portuguese control of the Indian Ocean trade The Portuguese did not have an easy time … could control the sea-going trade of the entire western Indian Ocean. However, Portugal was mainly a maritime power; …

… because there were the people who worked in the press for “Indian Opinion” founded by my Grandfather in 1903 and then … also left to pursue a life of material gain. Most of the Indian printing presses in Durban began from Phoenix. My … it to be run as a non-money making place, to serve the Indian Community. My father did so and he lived and died a …

… racing. 1940 Chief Scout Sir Baden Powell was welcomed by Indian scouts and guides at Curries Fountain. 1947 Queen …

… charter to the Dutch East India Company to establish an Indian trading empire in the East. 1652 The Dutch East India … people for the first time. They are mainly from around the Indian Ocean, Mocambique, Madagascar, Mauritius. 1700 … passes Abolition of Slave Trade Act, outlawing the Trans-Indian Oceanic slave trade. It was now illegal to be a slave …

… the Cape. Muslim traders dominated the spice trade in the Indian Ocean in the medieval period.  They shipped spices … the British and the French who also had interests in the Indian Ocean posed a danger that they might lay claim to the …

… African empire during the 15th and 16th Centuries, and the Indian Mughal Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries. This … The Mughal Empire : government and society. Trade in the Indian Ocean and Islamic world. Astronomy and technology …  [Accessed: 17 January 2015]| Dale, S. F. (2002), Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750, [online] …

… of the United Nations. The Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act ("Ghetto Act") had been enacted earlier in the month and the Indian community began a passive resistance campaign on 13 … support the request of the Union of South Africa that the Indian complaint be removed from the agenda on the grounds …