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ArticleThe Interim South African Constitution 1993
On 13 November 1991, Nelson Mandela announced that the first constitutional talks would take place on 29 and 30 November at the World Trade Centre in Kempton…
ArticleThe People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN)
A Brief Overview The People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) was an armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), the major liberation…
ArticleHeritage day, Braai Day or Shaka Day: Whose Heritage is it Anyway?
BackgroundHeritage Day is one of the newly created South African public holidays. It is a day in which all are encouraged to celebrate their cultural…
ArticleAfrican Traditional Religion
Religion is an important part of millions of people's lives across the world. Thousands of African people are converted to Christianity every day and in…
ArticleTimeline of the 1973 Durban Strikes
1972 October and December - Strikes at the Durban docks October 1972 - when new wages for dockworkers were not implemented, stevedores in Cape Town and…
ArticleThe Crackdown on the Black Consciousness Movement in 1973
The period after the Sharpeville Massacre and the banning of the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan African Congress (PAC), especially after the…
Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 16 Days of Activism Campaign, Motherwell, 25 November 2004.
Programme Directors, Premier Nosimo Balindlela, Honourable Ministers and Deputy Ministers, Executive Mayor, Nceba Faku, Standard Bank Chief Executive…
Rejuvenation of the ANC and intensification of the struggle 1940s
In 1940, Alfred Xuma was elected the new president of the African National Congress (ANC), and a period of greater action was introduced. Xuma was still…
June 17
The second day... was marked by uncontrollable fury and burning hostility...Police also assumed another attitude. They shot at random, and at anyone who would…
The Mountain Committee
A vast popular movement of resistance arose amongst the people in March 1960, and although meetings were illegal, they were held just the same and attended by…
Search for a United Front against racism
1946 Salvation lies in Non-European Front — M.D. Naidoo The salvation of the Indian people in this country lay in a united front of non-Europeans. They could…
Passive Resistance 1946 - A Selection of Documents compiled by E.S. Reddy & Fatima Meer - Search for a United Front against racism
From the book: Passive Resistance 1946 - A Selection of Documents compiled by E.S. Reddy & Fatima Meer The salvation of the Indian people in this country lay…
Port Elizabeth an Overview
The first formal settlement of the Algoa Bay region took place in 1776 when a number of farms were allocated to local Dutch graziers. In 1799 the British…
ArticleANC Origins and Background
The African National Congress (ANC) was formed in 1912 as a result of many grievances. This included black dissatisfaction with the South Africa Act of 1910…
ArticleProgressive Federal Party (PFP)
The Progressive Federal Party (PFP), successor to the Progressive Party (PP), was formed after a group of liberal members of the United Party (UP), broke away…
ArticleFrontline States
The collapse of apartheid and the advent of democracy in South Africa was regionally supported by a group of southern African states called the Frontline…
Women’s Enfranchisement Association of the Union (WEAU)
The WEAU and votes for white women Until 1930 there were no women in South Africa who had the right to vote. It was felt that a women's place was in the…
Address at the French National Assembly Paris, 18 November 2003
Distinguished President of the National Assembly, Honourable Representatives of the People of the French Republic: I am certain that you, the esteemed Members…
ArticleFederation of Transvaal Women (FEDTRAW)
The Federation of Transvaal Women (FEDTRAW) was formed on the 8th of December 1984, bringing together close to 200 women from all over the Transvaal (now known…
Contact, conflict and dispossession on the Cape eastern or northern frontiers in the nineteenth century
The situation in the Eastern Cape in the early late 18th and early 19th century (approximately1780 - 1850) was as follows: There were three groups of people: …
ArticleHIV/Aids in South Africa
HIV/Aids is a deadly disease, which is currently not curable. The United Nations AIDS agency (UNAIDS) says the evidence that HIV is the underlying cause of…
Cecile Mella
Cecile was born into a family with American, Italian, French and Mexican influences in Montpellier, in the south of France in 1983. After studying literature,…
ArticleIndian South Africans Timeline 1910-1919
1910 Public Servants Superannuating Act and Teachers Pensions Act. Discrimination against Indians – Indians were excluded from receiving pensions according…
Prehistory of the Rustenburg area
Prehistory of the Region Pre-history of Southern Africa Africans who worked with copper and iron inhabited the area between 350AD to 600AD. Linguistic and…
ArticleThe Information Scandal
The information scandal was nicknamed Muldergate, after Dr Connie Mulder, the central person throughout the scandal. Dr. Mulder was the Minister of Information…
ArticlePseudo-scientific racism and Social Darwinism
Before learning about Social Darwinism, it is important to understand Darwinism. Here is a brief summary, but you can read more in the section in Grade 7 Human…
ArticleThe Nile river and its influence on settlement
‘Not only is the Egyptian climate peculiar to that country, and the Nile different in the way it behaves from rivers elsewhere, but the manners and customs of…
ArticleCongress of South African Trade Unions 1994 - 2014
In 1990, the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP) formed an alliance…
The Battle of Square Hill
Participation as combatants in the First World War was reserved for men of “European descent”. [i] According to Article 7 of the South African Defence Force…
Artist groups and educational facilities (1960-1980)
Due to the apartheid racial classification systems, many black artists were not allowed to further their education and attend formal learning facilities such…