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… the quaint coastal hamlet of Stanford and the coastal road to Hermanus. The original gravel road dates back to 1776 and is one of the very oldest passes in South …

… This paper was submitted to the 1973 Durban Strikes Celebrating 50 Years Conference …

… This paper was submitted to the 1973 Durban Strikes Celebrating 50 Years Conference …

… the production of plays including Sarafina which went on to play on Broadway. Sarafina , a South African musical … 1981. Hector Peterson’s tombstone was also a dedication to the memory of all those who died on 16 June 1976 as they … the boards were rough imaginations of artists, and at the back of each portrait, the artist wrote the names of the …

… Comrades and compatriots, It is an honour and a privilege to participate in this Freedom Charter Forum organised by the … Under its newly-elected national leadership, it is getting back to the basics. Now that its 25th National Congress has … national emancipation is therefore in a very real way bound up with economic emancipation... Our people are …

… Selborne was destroyed shortly after his birth. Teffo went to school in Hammanskraal up to Standard 8 before leaving to focus on his artwork. He received no formal art training, …

… Volksraad, he was appointed Chairman in 1895 and went on to become a member of its Executive Council in 1896. Burger … of the Transvaal. Burger and Joubert were sympathetic to the demands of the Uitlanders. In 1897 Burger acted as … of against Paul Kruger but lost. Despite his opposition to the conflict between Britain and the Transvaal, he was …

… of mistreatment by the Security Police and having to produce a pass wherever he went, further awakened him to the reality of the implication of his skin colour. … final year of study, in 1976, he was refused re-admission to the University due to his political involvement. Mabasa …

… oldest of six children. At the age of 23, he came to South Africa as a mineworker and became one of the … led by  J.B. Marks .In 1949, he left the mines, and moved to Newclare in Johannesburg where he became a factory worker. … lead in a crowd of angry onlookers, and ordered the police to release their victims, to which they complied. During the …

… at scene 2 after being shot twice in the head. According to his brother, Nomakhephu Mosebetsane, "Thabiso's brother … worked in the mines, but he got injured and returned to the village. Thabiso was the only one that was working. We have lost our only breadwinner. I want the children to be assisted with school fees etc. I want there to be food …

… of London and obtained a BSc in 1908. In 1913 she returned to South Africa, and four years later returned to England to study at Cambridge. However, at this point Cambridge did …

… Leeuw was one of the group of Africanists that broke away to form the  Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) . He was arrested … campaign (see  Sharpeville Massacre ) and sentenced to 3 years in prison, which was immediately followed by a … 8 years on Robben Island. In 1972 he was transferred to Harrismith Prison in the Free State. In June 1972 he was …

… was in favour of the Wragg Commission being appointed to investigate Indian immigration laws, yet six years later … the transportation of Indian immigrants, was introduced to prevent public money being spent in this way. Escombe was … Colony and that those who had just arrived should be sent back to India. Around 8 January, a 5 000 strong crowd held a …

… of racially discriminatory laws or practices the right to restitution of that property or to fair compensation. The Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 … and violence.  It was imperative for the new government to strike a balance between nation building and addressing the …

… of the first-string accused in the  Treason Trial  of 1956 to 1961. Gert Sibande was born in the Ermelo district in … farmer. He received no formal schooling but taught himself to be literate in Zulu. As a farm labourer in the Bethal … provincial president of the Transvaal ANC, a position to which he was re-elected by a narrow margin in 1959. He was …

… union , while she looked for permanent work. Her exposure to union documents resulted in her familiarity with the … her stint with the Garment workers union, Nombuso moved to become the general secretary of the Chemical and … resigned from her work in the union and in 1980 she went to work for an Adult Basic Education project as a trainer, …

… with a first class pass. After graduating, Themba moved to Sophiatown, Johannesburg- a vibrant multi-racial … alongside other aspiring black journalists, who came to be known as the “Drum Boys”. These included Lewis Nkosi, … Sophiatown, or “Kofifi”, community is probably what led to Themba being labelled a “shebeen intellectual”. Themba …

… Act at the Supreme Court, Pretoria, from 10 May 1977 to 7 April 1978. In fact there were two trials within this period, as a complete re-trial had to take place following the death of the trial judge on 7 … He was found guilty on counts 1. and 2., and sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. He is on Robben Island. The …

… Resistance Movement (ARM) and the first and only white man to be hanged for a politically inspired offence in the years … banned in February 1964, a few months before police moved to smash the underground ARM. While maintaining his Liberal … hope this demonstration of defiance might spark opposition to the government. A telephone warning was too late to …

… oil painting by a nun at End Street Convent. From 1899 to 1904 her parents lived in Port Elizabeth where she had art tuition at the Technical College. Returning to Johannesburg, she was then taught pastel drawing by George … lessons at the Protea Studio in Market Street. From 1920 to 1922 she studied at the Slade School in London, and on her …

… General of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1936 to 1949. In 1956, when Fort was born, Canon Calata was one of … a teacher. Fort and Nomonde had three children. According to his wife, Nomonde, while Fort Calata was still at school in 1976 he wrote a letter to the municipality in Cradock, informing them about the …

… Lula had little formal education. He did not learn to read until he was 10 years old and quit school after the fourth grade to find work to help support his family.  His working life began at 12 as …

… was born on 20 April 1959 in the Cape Flats of Cape Town to a working class family. Her father was employed as a … Association and immediately embarked on a campaign to replace the conventional prefect system with democratic … (Fedsaw) from 1987. In January 1986, Carolus travelled to Sweden at the invitation of the International Centre of …

… in 1907. Roux's father was a free-thinker and a convert to socialism, and Roux, while still a student, helped found … of the Witwatersrand, Roux was awarded a fellowship to Cambridge University, where he spent the years 1926-1929 … and doing research on plant physiology. In 1928 he went to Moscow as a South African delegate to the sixth congress …

… in 1976. As a result of government’s determined effort to crack down on anti-apartheid movements, Yengeni … Africa. From Botswana Yengeni headed for Moscow in Russia to study for a social science diploma in 1982. Chris Hani met … Nyamza, an ANC member in Lusaka, Zambia. When he returned to South Africa in 1986, he was appointed to lead MK in Cape …

… To cover 22 years of imprisonment in chronological order is … I was kept in solitary confinement and I thought back to Miss Cook: Why was I the one to be singled out? A … seemed to me in some way irrelevant. Our future was more bound up in the politics of South Africa than in some …

… time was still part of the Transvaal Republic. He went to school first on the farm and afterwards in the town. When … employed by a business firm, but two years later decided to become a minister and left for Stellenbosch, where he … the final examination for the ministry, he returned to South Africa and was admitted as a minister of the NG Kerk …

… early years were of great significance, for being born to middle-aged parents and being considerably younger than … school level for several years, and was soon promoted to the position of principal at the FD Roosevelt Primary … the customs of others. During school holidays he set off to the rural areas of southern Africa to gather descriptive …

… Administration and in  KwaZulu-Natal . Her decision to nurse was motivated by a wish to help the sick. She worked hard to reach her goal, and was first appointed ‘senior nurse’ at …