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… purpose of the apartheid theory: to inflict discriminatory laws on the Non-White people under the guise of letting them … non-Europeans - the Indians in particular; the shameless pass and beer raids, persecution of people under the pass laws and finally the threat of the extension of pass …

… and subordinate Houses of Parliament. In 1986, the Pass Laws were scrapped. The international community strengthened … that Apartheid could not be sustained. Petty Apartheid laws and symbols were openly challenged and eventually …

… passive resisters to the Transvaal to violate immigration laws. In letter to Moulvi Ahmed Mukhtiar, explained that … whether under Section 1 of new Bill, Asiatics who might pass education test could enter and remain in the Transvaal … April 19,  Smuts, in interview, told Gandhi he would pass UIRB in current or following session; explained why "we …

… does is eminently in the interest of the African. The pass system, in its wide ramifications, ensures the white … of Africans a year are in some ways victims of the pass system. Influx control regulations deny him a free … in principle cannot be right in practice. So all apartheid laws, based as they are on the maxim "Separate and unequal" …

… Tiro (before he moved to Barolong High School because of a pass offence) and Dr Frank Chikane . Mshenguville* No II …

… South Africa. Together with influx control through the pass laws, Native (Urban Areas) Act would help to achieve this … effect of this was that municipalities tried to use the pass system to control the number of Africans entering the …

… rural areas and in the informal sector; as political anti-pass campaigners, initiatives taken within the liberation …  [ Accessed 25 February 2015] Women and the anti-pass campaign The Defiance Campaign is launched and women … of the Party and the Freedom Charter The women’s 1955 anti-pass campaign Preparations for the 1956 Women’s March Black …

… in black popular protests against housing shortages, Pass Laws, and higher bus fares. Their work paid dividends. By the … of the CPSA and Transvaal ANC, participated in anti-pass campaigns, ran several successful campaigns for election …

… for passes—and now women and children are faced with the pass system too. We are insulted and bullied because of our … upon a mighty campaign of mass action against unjust laws and for democratic freedom. We demand the right to live … Statement in court by W.M. Sisulu before sentencing for pass offence, July 21, 1952 Your Worship has just pronounced …

… as they see fit, in which they did. The government passed laws that had major effects on these communities, forcing … encompasses the Bethal Scandal, the Bus Boycott and the Pass Campaign. These three campaigns were but a part of many … that the prohibition of apartheid might have never came to pass is highly likely. Ruth First was a writer, journalist, …

… at rates that were affordable, and was concerned with pass laws, the lack of proper maternity benefits and child-care. …

… outside Sharpeville. This was a day of protest against the pass laws organised by the Pan Africanist Congress with …

… Govan Mbeki Albie Sachs Freda Troup Patrick Duncan Anti-Pass Campaigns 1960 Nelson Mandela Albert Luthuli Robert …

… in August 1956, in protest against the extension of pass laws to African women, and also one of the leaders of the women's demonstrations against the pass laws in Johannesburg in 1958, after which she was …

… Secondly, and also as a matter of urgency, to repeal the pass laws which demonstrate to blacks more clearly than anything … the day-today aspects of the apartheid system, such as the pass laws, the ban on inter-racial marriage, the use of …

… Secondly, and also as a matter of urgency, to repeal the pass laws which demonstrate to blacks more clearly than anything … the day-today aspects of the apartheid system, such as the pass laws, the ban on inter-racial marriage, the use of …

… Tsonga traditional societies, though regulated by strict laws, are less formalised than that of the Nguni or Sotho … on social order and the observance of customary laws. A traditional patriarchal Tsonga kraal is a …

… It was one of apartheid's most offensively racist laws , bringing Black education under the control of the … Govan Mbeki. In order to hold the prisoners, the General Laws Amendment Act, Number 37 of 1963, was rushed through …

… The violence of that murderous act was the violence of the pass laws, the Suppression of Communism Act, the Group Areas Act, … wake more Sten guns and Saracen tanks, more repressive laws, more shootings and massacres; and in the desperation of …

… It thus has as its aim to close every loophole in existing laws and regulations. The Bill sparks widespread protest and … a campaign of protest meetings and resolutions against the pass laws and the Hertzog Bills. It is attended by more than … National Congress organ. December, Communist-sponsored pass-burning campaigns culminating in disturbances in Durban. …

… and Defiance Campaign (committed to open defiance of the laws of the land). The reasons cited by many sources for this … when the ANC announced that they were planning an anti-pass campaign on the 31 March 1960, the PAC decided to … by planning a similar protest for the 21 March. The anti-pass campaign turned out to be very important for the PAC, …

… being appointed to investigate Indian immigration laws, yet six years later he became one of the strongest … be an Asiatic Colony. As part of the anti-Indian campaign, laws were passed to this effect. The first law was Act 25 of … re-indenture In the eyes of the Natal Colonists, the 1895 laws proved a failure because they attempted to encourage …

… number XS 1885. As Lungisile Ntsebeza’s car wound down the pass towards Elliot, the kombi with the tinted windows pulled …

… of the Kaffir. Not every Kaffir is required to carry a pass on him; but now every Indian will have to do so. Educated Kaffirs are exempt from such restrictive laws. But the Indian, whatever his education and standing, will have to carry a pass. The pass, it seems to us, will be like the one carried …

… This is a bronze plaque on a cairn at the top of the Ecca Pass, 12 km South of Grahamstown. It was erected in 1964 by … writer and road-builder, who constructed: the Ouberg Pass; the Van Ryneveld Pass; the Montagu Pass; the Michell's Pass; the Gydo Pass; …

…   Situated on the Historic Montagu Pass this bridge was built in 1847. This solid bridge was … and built by Henry Ford White (who also built the Montagu Pass ). The Montagu Pass was officially opened on the 19th January 1848. The …

… and administrative effort was required [26] .The pass laws were first introduced by the Chamber of Mines and these pass laws demanded that African miners wear a badge or a …

… its people. In rural areas, British administrative laws and actions led to peasants? losing their land. The … labour was introduced into the Colony.  Amongst other laws, Laws 13, 14 and 15 were passed by the Natal Legislative …

… any privacy and earning low wages.... read more "Labour Laws and Unions 1920's" Laws on labour passed by the two South African governments in …

… Union Buildings on 9 August 1956 not only to oppose the pass laws, but also to give further impetus to the struggle for … firm message that the generation of 1956 has succeeded to pass on to its children and grandchildren the determination …