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ArticleThe International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF)
… The International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF) was established by Canon L John Collins … solution to the problem of apartheid through raising and distributing…
ArticleMusic and culture as forms of resistance
… of the urban culture that developed in Johannesburg and in Sophiatown in particular. It was here that the most … indigenous jazz took place. Early beginnings…
State policies and social protest, 1924-1939
… was becoming strong. In 1923 the National Party (NP) and Labour Party (LP) formed a pact to win the general … from British rule. This meant the creation of a…
Pledging to Debate History: Values and education
… This article deals with values and education in South Africa, and more specifically the proposed 'pledge'. Please read the article and send us your comments…
ArticleUnited Nations and Apartheid Timeline 1946-1994
… Assembly of the United Nations. The Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act ("Ghetto Act") had been enacted earlier in the month and the Indian…
Why protect rights of gays and lesbians?
… sexual orientation. It thereby guarantees equality for gay and lesbian people. Just as this section specifically mentions race and ethnicity in response to…
ArticleFinding out about hunter-gatherers and herders
… Many societies all over the world survived by hunting and gathering for most of the last 100 000 years. In southern … They used stone tools to cut up the…
ArticleHow Lenin and Stalin are remembered today?
… Lenin Soon after his death, Lenin's body was embalmed and placed in Moscow's Red Square. His supporters, attempting … setting the scene for Stalin's…
ArticleNew identities and the construction of heritage
… (UNO) in 1948. It is the basis for human rights protection and promotion around the world. In the same year that the … the UDHR. The apartheid government did…
Origins: Formation, Sharpeville and banning, 1959-1960
… Congress (ANC) between those with different ideological and theoretical views. One of these views was towards a more … than cause a confrontation, they…
BiographyStanley Mabizela
… when he first joined the ANC Youth League. A son to a farm worker, Mabizela did his primary education in Port Elizabeth … Transkei, near the border of…
ArticleHuman Rights and the South African Constitution
… (1996) enshrines the supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law. Everyone in South Africa, including the government, and all laws are subject to and…
ArticleMandela and the South African Communist Party
… Mandela and MK The late 1950s saw the first hints of an armed … in light of the African National Congress’ (ANC) ban and the imposition of a state of…
The 1980s and the crisis of Apartheid
… Please note that this section is detailed and we have broken it up into 3 pages: Use the page … provided renewed impetus for the resistance movements, and…
Artist groups and educational facilities (1960-1980)
… black artists were not allowed to further their education and attend formal learning facilities such as universities; … Although few black artists had this…
ArticleCo-operation and conflict on the Highveld
… The Boer Republics, and the Basotho kingdom (a case study) Moshoeshoe moves to Thaba Bosiu The 1820s and 1830s were a time of great upheaval. There were many…
BiographyAthol Edwin Thorne
… His family soon moved to Durban where he attended school and university. His parents were not affluent and there were times when there was no money. Athol’s…
BiographySadie Forman
… A fierce non-sectarian and advocate for racial equality and women’s rights, Sadie Forman (nee Kreel) was born in … she would be placed in an enclosed office…
ArticleDefinition of Natural and Cultural heritage sites
… of World Heritage Sites. The first represents cultural and the second natural heritage. Cultural sites Cultural … or technology, the planning of the town or…
ArticleBizana and the Pondoland Revolt 1946 - 1962
… The system of Black authorities and the reforms brought about in the agricultural sphere … there were the people of the African National Congress and the…
ArticlePaper Wood and Allied Workers Union (PWAWU)
… The Paper Wood and Allied Workers Union (PWAWU) was formed on 31 May 1974 in … Project (UTP). Benjy Mngoma was its first secretary and amongst its leading…
ArticleSweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU)
… The Sweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU) was established in 1974 with … (UTP). Amongst its founder members wereMaggie Magubane and Skakes Sikhakhane…
ArticleClassroom: Educational sites for learners and educators
… Interactive and educational sites for learners and educators: These websites are recommended for use as an extra resource and as an 'activity' tool for the…
ArticleSouth Africa’s Academic and Cultural Boycott - Timeline
… The UN creates a task team to monitor the apartheid State and the racial affairs. 1958 — The African National Congress in Exile held a meeting in Ghana and…
ArticleThe Drafting and Acceptance of the Constitution
… political parties, released many political prisoners and detainees, and unbanned many people, including Nelson Mandela. On 20 and 21 December the first…
BiographyAlfred Temba Qabula
… 1942 in Flagstaff, Bhalasi in Pondoland to Solomon and Nonkhululeko Qabula. Qabula’s father worked as a … his drink. His mother died a few years later…
BiographyAlfred Milner
… Alfred Milner, a statesman and colonial administrator, became Governor of the Cape and … who descended on the republic after the discovery of gold in 1886 …
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK) and the Armed Struggle
… Sabotage campaigns Between 1961 and 1963 MK was responsible for about 134 acts of sabotage. … it marked a significant contribution: “We had no revolvers and…
BiographyJohannes Nkosi
… A martyr for the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA and SACP after 1953), was the son of Jacobina Nkosi (no … early years on the farm of Pixley Seme near…
BiographyMolefi Nathanael Oliphant
… became the President of SAFA. He served for three terms, and then decided not to stand for re-election. In recognition … President. Oliphant is currently…