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… of your answer using relevant historical evidence. [1] Background and historical overview: There was no South … the 19th century, the Western-educated African, coloured, Indian middle class who grew up mainly in the Cape and Natal, … editors) and were proud of their African, Muslim, Indian heritage embraced idea of progressive ‘colour-blind’ …

… A meeting is held between the Nationalist Bloc, Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) leadership and the Indian Agent-General, Sir Benegal Rama Rau, to unite the … predominantly White areas in the Transvaal and Natal since 1 January 1927. 1 June, The Native Labour Corp, one of many …

… group which was affiliated to the NEUM. 1944  Raised £1 000 for the famine relief in Bengal 1946 Her political … at the age of 17 when she was a high school student. The Indian community suffered the enactment of the first … residential rights to specific areas in the country. The Indian community resisted by organising Satyagraha, the first …

… another boost. Afrikaner women, like their African, Indian and Coloured counterparts, began to enter the labour … industrial sector. Segregation legislation against Black, Indian and Coloured South Africans increased during this … by law from becoming registered. Only White, Coloured and Indian workers were allowed to form and join registered …

… whites. Nationally, pupil:teacher ratios went up from 46:1 in 1955 to 58:1 in 1967. Overcrowded classrooms were used … now effectively separated from white schooling. The 1965 Indian Education Act was passed to separate and control Indian education, which was placed under the Department of …

… ‘grey areas’ were beginning to emerge, where African, Indian and Coloured people took up residence in formerly … were Afrikaans speakers. The appeal of the BCM for many Indian and Coloured youth, who began to see themselves as Black instead of Indian or Coloured, also presented a problem for …

… 27, Dominion Party 8, Labour Party and the Socialists 1. But as Bunting points out: "The enormous majority... was … Simons state "of all those in the liberation movement, the Indian radicals put up the strongest resistance to the … it was decided on the Agent's suggestion to raise an Indian Corps of three sections - mechanical and transport, …

… Wanterer . Not unexpectedly Byrne went bankrupt in 1850. 1 August, Death in office of Martin T West, first … meeting was held in Durban to propose the introduction of Indian labour. 1852 13 August, The first steamship to sail … possible for the Colony to implement a programme whereby Indian labourers could be brought out to South Africa under a …

… as Maureen Swan has demonstrated, was not the initiator of Indian political activity in Natal and South Africa. Indian traders and middle classes had already formed … But the British granted the Transvaal self-government from 1 January 1907, leaving the new administration under General …

… of South Africans classified 'Coloured' and ' Indian ' but excluded Blacks. Blacks were seen to have … (Coloured representatives) The House of Delegates (Indian representatives) The Conservative Party had a few … a massive nationwide campaign to dissuade Coloured and Indian voters from participating in the elections for the …

… you create music that can find a home on both sides of the Indian Ocean beyond the cliché of “fusion”? Are Indian forms compatible with their African Counterparts? Can … as a conversation between South African poet Ari Sitas and Indian singer Sumangala Damodaran, first involved the …

… area is situated on the South African coast of the Indian Ocean , in the Eastern Cape Province. The boundaries …

… people. Cas spearheaded the formation of the Johannesburg Indian Social Welfare Association (JISWA), and served as its … Under the banner of the revived Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, they had mobilised the vast majority of South Africans of Indian origin to deliver a devastating blow against the …

… Africa is seen as, largely, led by M K Gandhi and the Indian Congresses campaigns. However, this form of passive … Gandhi and the Passive Resistance Campaign 1907-1914 Indian passive resistance in South Africa, 1946-1948 Defiance …

… parliament to include the participation of Coloured and Indian people and exclude Black people. The proposal … for Coloured people and the House of Delegates for Indian people. A second feature was that of Executive … 2(1985), p.37) The Tricameral parliament drafted the Indian and Coloured communities into the National parliament …

… reproduced below, A.M. Cachalia, chairman of the British Indian Association, explains to the Secretary of the Interior … another issue: marriages contracted in accordance with Indian religious rites were declared legally invalid. Source: … to recognise Hindu and Muslim marriages. Angered by this, Indian women joined the Campaign for the first time. The …

… Khoisan people. South Africa’s Asian population is mostly Indian in origin and is largely based in kwaZulu-Natal . … These are English (9.6%), Afrikaans (13.5%), Ndebele (2.1%), Sepedi/Northern Sotho (9.1%), Xhosa (16%), Venda (2.4%), … women in society, war victories and ritual ceremonies. The Indian dances are separated into classical dances and folk …

… one NPP MP voting to support military conscription for Indian youth because he could not read Afrikaans, the … Areas Act, the Labour Party opposed the application by an Indian person to be reclassified as ‘Coloured’. When …

… Venture in Brakpan, will facilitate the re-processing of 1.7 billion tonnes of gold tailings to refine a further 15 … could lower the wages of all skilled miners. Anti- Indian Legislation Legislation was enacted in order to limit Indian trade and businesses to flourish. In 1924 the Township …

… South African Communist Party (SACP) , the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) , banned members of the Communist … (ANC) South African Communist Party (SACP) South African Indian Congress (SAIC) …

… 1950 - 1960 In Fietas, Johannesburg, the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) initiates and implements the 'Decade of … They are prevented from speaking in eight major centres. 1 May, A general strike against all discriminatory laws and … from the following organisations: South African Indian Congress (SAIC) , A.P.O, ANC Youth League, Council of …

… Fatima, at Nursery Road, Fordsburg. He attends the Newtown Indian Primary School. 1940s Kathrada meets Yusuf Dadoo , … 1945 -1946 Kathrada is a founding member of the Transvaal Indian Volunteer Corps and that of its successor, the … of Communism Act, In preparation for Freedom Day on 1 May, a small group made up of Faried Adams, Mosey Moolla, …

… Community histories on Sotho, Venda, Ndebele and Indian people in the Polokwane region will be added. Please …

… Advisory Com mittee] MR R.F. Botha [SA Government, CODESA 1] Geoff Budlender [Rapporteur of Sub Group 2 in Working … 1 and 2] Professor H.M. Coovadia [Transvaal and Natal Indian Congress, CODESA2] Chief Justice, Mr. Justice Michael … Routier [NP, CODESA 1] MR C Saloojee [Natal and Transvaal Indian Congress, CODESA 2] Mr Justice Petrus Schabort [Judge, …

… Club (Whites-only) is established. 1880 African and Indian soccer clubs are active in Durban and Johannesburg … SAFA affiliates to the English Football Association 1896 Indian football clubs come together to form the Transvaal … Whites-only Germiston Callies defeat the Black Pirates (3-1). Orlando Pirates Women's Football Club and Mother City …

… and to form a Pact government. It would have restricted Indian residential and trading rights, but due to vehement … public opposition within South Africa, as well as from the Indian government, the Bill was never passed (Horrell, 1978: … proclamation No. 72 exempt the Cape from subsection 10.1 of the Act (South African Institute for Race Relations, …

… to Professor Surendra Bhana, in his book, Indentured Indian Emigrants to Natal 1860 1902 , between 1876 and 1902, … arriving in Natal. The first ship, The Truro, carrying 342 Indian immigrants departed from Madras and arrived at Port …

… unions registered under the same legislation as White, Indian and Coloured unions, and the strikes provided another … In the 1980s, TUCSA unions, to which the majority of Indian workers belonged, attempted to establish African …

… movement. Starting at the beginning of the South African Indian resistance against the government and continuing …