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… “Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek” decided to protect Pretoria by constructing forts in strategic places. Eight forts were … four forts, Schanskop being one. The fort was also built by the German firm Krupp, was completed on 6 April 1897 and … walls were also crenellated for improved defence, enforced by trenches and barbed wire entanglements. The rooms of these …

… A party of 256 from London led by Lieutenant John BAILIE, R.N. sailed in "Chapman". Their … CUYLER, 59 Regiment. Divisions of the party were directed by Lieutenant BAILIE, Thomas ADAMS, George ANDERSON, William … Content: No. 33 on the Colonial Department list, led by John Bailie of 7 Manchester Buildings, Westminster, …

… Content and Contributors Stories Heavy News by Funda Ntuli, Seth 'n Sam by Peter Wilhelm, Three Days in the Land of a Dying Illusion by Mtutuzeli Matshoba. The Road is Much Longer by Johnny …

… A civil war broke out between two factions FRELIMO, backed by the Soviet Union and RENAMO, supported by United States and apartheid South Africa. At this time, … for Machel's death. He was succeeded as president by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Joaquim Chissano, on 3 …

… The scorched earth campaign conducted by Germany against the Herero people in South West Africa … among the first genocides in the twentieth century. By the start of the twentieth century, the Herero people, … found themselves steadily being pushed off their land by German settlers. The uprising against the Germans by …

… From: Lessons of the 1950s By Richard Monroe, March-May 1984 Chapter 1 - The Victory of … working class struggled to defend itself against attacks by the ruling class and the Nationalist Party (NP) … oppression and white domination consciously pursued by the ruling class since before the turn of the century. …

… From the book:  The Eye of the Needle by Richard Turner South Africa, everyone agrees, is a profoundly unequal society. It is marked by inequality of power, of wealth, of access to the means for … as being the result of the unequal contribution made by the various ethnic groups. The whites have "brought …

… of the African people in this country. It was marked by a number of events which took place from the beginning of … towards tyranny and the establishment of a police state by introducing two most notorious laws namely the Group Areas … Africans and arrested certain others. This was resented by the people of Newclare. Consequently a fight ensued …

… Tradition, a documentary history, Volume One 1907 - 1950, by Allison Drew Document 43 - Letter from T. W. Thibedi to … Contantinople. Turkey. Dear Comrade Trotsky, I hope that by the time you recieve this letter from me you shall have … the capitalists when the next war against U.S.S.R. is made by the Capitalists. They consider the Militant a very …

… Several of those passengers who died were killed not by the hijackers but by explosives set off by the Egyptian soldiers during the attack. The five hostages …

… A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai Aboobaker Amod and … inform that 1.Petitioners are denied the privilege by Ordinance 1 of 1885 to rent or to buy immovable property. … date of the Ordinance. 3.His most Honourable the President by virtue of the power entrusted upon him by the Ordinance …

… and white image of women marching. Story of the march by women on 9th August 1956. Taken from the book 'The parotts Egg' by A Blondel, S Lamb, A Hashemian, published by Ravan …

… 2: The Impact and Limitations of Colonialism commissioned by The Department of Education abscond - to leave hurriedly … from custody or arrest annex - add to one’s territory by taking without permission archipelago - an extensive group … coerce - to persuade an unwilling person to do something by using force or threats colonialism - the practice of …

… up to standard IV. His proposal was unanimously adopted by three provinces but rejected by Natal. In 1919 the Dutch Bible was translated into … a joint sitting of the House of Assembly and the Senate. By this Act Dutch was replaced by Afrikaans. Both Afrikaans …

… Tradition, a documentary history, Volume One 1907 - 1950, by Allison Drew Document 90 "Hertzog's Native Bill Passed: … the Cape Africans, was carried at its third reading by a joint sitting of both houses of Parliament last Monday … that he has committed political suicide. It was believed by many that he has at least as good a chance as Mr Pirow of …

… STATUTE COSATU welcomes the green paper announced by the Minister of Labour today, (13.02.96) for a new policy … what this means, but we know this to be a word liked by business when they want to seek gaps to exploit vulnerable … at the inclusion of the workers previously not covered by the BCEA and Wage Act. This is an immense victory to …

… of the aforementioned bodies was being rendered futile by the apparent indifference, ignorance and want of … and accepted native opinion should be ascertainable by the Government and other constituted Authorities with … respects as therein contained and provided; 7. AND WHEREAS by a Resolution passed and agreed upon in the fourth annual …

… million, members of the media are reminded of the address by ANC President Jacob Zuma in officially launching the drive … Mbete 10am - 11am: Comrade Baleka Mbete is interviewed by the Jewish Radio Station 11am - 11.15am: Briefing with … and NEC members taken on tour of Lilies Leaf farm by CEO Nicholas Wolpe 1pm - 2pm: Lunch 2pm - 2.10pm: Vote of …

… Colony. Following the prosecution of an Afrikaner farmer by the name of Frederik Bezuidenhout, by the British aministration, Frederick's brother, Hans, and … and brothers Stefanus and Abraham Bothma, were sentenced by the British to be hanged in public at Van Aardtspos. When …

… had been fragmented, their beliefs were being tested by a mixture of missionary teachings and European technology and their cattle herds were devastated by lung sickness. In April 1856 Nongqawuse, an adolescent girl living in a part of the country ruled by Paramount Chief Sarhili (Kreli), was reputedly addressed …

… Thomas Street, Simon’s Town in the Western Cape. Passers-by, especially Tourists, gaze up in wonder at its fine … Square and the sea beyond, where yachts sail serenely by. The Mosque is situated in a quaint Area of Simon’s Town, … in 1888, it was a nondescript Building that was Rented by the Simon’s Town Muslim Community, to serve as their place …

… Niger officially; 'Republic of Niger'. Is landlocked by 7 other western African countries. It is bounded on the northwest by Algeria , on the northeast by Libya , on the east by Chad , on the south by Nigeria and …

… Tradition, a documentary history, Volume One 1907 - 1950, by Allison Drew Document 7 - 'White South Africa.' Two … Then, as the result of conscious "philosophising" by some, and recognition by others of some isolated outstanding feature, there often …

… willing to subscribe to the aims of Congress and to abide by its Constitution and rules may become an individual member … be entitled to be represented at the provincial conference by one delegate for every 100 members or in the proportion laid down by the provincial conference from time to time. (e) [sic] No …

… ‘Durban System’, which was administered and implemented by city officials, links themes explored at the Cato Manor … with an ideal opportunity to explore the city’s history by visiting both museums and then by traveling through the area also referred to as ‘Umkumbane’ …

… is a statement of press freedom principles put together by African newspaper journalists. The context for this declaration was the many dangers and pressures faced by journalists working in Africa and other conflict regions. … with the end of the Cold War. Thus it was an attempt by journalists to enshrine and honour the role of media in …

… On 24 January 1960, nine policemen were killed by an angry mob at Cato Manor in Durban . The incident happened after a raid by police searching for illicit liquor. This was at a time … remove black people from Cato Manor, an area inhabited by both Africans and Indians. Tensions were high and the …

… of Nelson Mandela was sentenced to six years in jail by a Johannesburg court presided over by Justice Michael Stahl Stegmann for her involvement in the … was commuted to a fine and a two-year suspended sentence by the Appeals court.   The assault and murder were committed …

… Mina - meaning Mine. The Gold Coast was later adopted to by the English colonisers. In 1598 the Dutch joined them, and … 1642 (Fort St Anthony). Other European traders joined in by the mid 18th century. These were the English, Danes and Swedes. The coastline were dotted by forts built by the Dutch, British and the Dane merchants. …

… Town', was named after Henry Barber on 24th of July 1884 by the Gold Commissioner David Walson, after Barber and his … The Fairview Gold Mine , Discovered in 1887 and owned by Kidson Reef Gold Mining Company LTD since then, Fairview … that has a biox plant to extract gold. Previously owned by Gold Fields was sold to Avgold in 1998 at an estimated …