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… years. No protection for those who had acquired interests on proclaimed (mining) land. The Industrial Conciliation Act … of hostility between the European inhabitants of the Union on the one hand and any other section of the inhabitants of the Union on the other hand? (Dugard 1978: 177). Commenced: 21 May …

… and Cape Town. This article will predominantly focus on the Xhosa communities in Port Elizabeth. However, the … the control of the Tshawe. Generally, the group would take on the name of the chief under whom they had united. There … that was to increase in intensity when the British arrived on the scene. The Xhosa fought for one hundred years to …

… time capsules because, when they were wrecked, everything on board generally stayed, and were preserved, in one area. … that are better preserved than they would have been on land because of the low oxygen levels, and resulting low …

… For more detail about the image and related info click on ‘image details’ on the applicable image However, it was not until the 1950s …

… green or pink. The female cone has a fleshy podocarpium on which the seed, which takes on the shape and colour of a cherry, develops. …

… Communist Party (SACP) was relaunched as a legal body on 29 July 1990, Nair was elected to the Central Committee. … of the South African Parliament in 1994, being 39th on the ANC list of 400 nominees. 1995 1 June, MD Naidoo …

… my photography career. I spent my whole provident fund on my studies and I do not regret it for one moment. I … images is my biggest motivation. I am always working on stories that come out of just taking pictures and then end …

… was Lord Balfour. Various people put proposals forward on what status the dominions should have, and Hertzog asked … dominion could no longer be forced to participate in a war on the side of Britain) Loyalty to crown was expected They …

… of the rare bird" and was traditionally bestowed only on the bravest warriors of the people, on those who distinguished themselves in the eyes of all the …

… The Commission laid the groundwork for a State clamp-down on these organisations. Numerous Cape-based people refused to … in terms of the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950, on 27 February 1973.  In 1974, four senior NUSAS officials …

… Fossil evidence in East Africa has also cast light on our history as human beings. Before we look at the Hominid … years. Darwin's theory is by no means the only hypothesis on the origins of humans and their evolution. It is difficult … in the past. History has been recorded in writing, on film and photographs and in oral records of people who …

… Sterkfontein, for example, appear in every major textbook on human origins. Because of its richness, a large portion of … as in the case of the recent discovery. Museum displays on human evolution are open to the public at Maropeng, on the edge of the World Heritage Site, and at Sterkfontein. …

… expedition of Dutch Calvinist settlers landed at the Cape on 6 April 1652 . Van Riebeeck had received a commission from … they resented and resisted British encroachments. On 11 February 1899 war broke out between the two Boer … and the two British colonies ( the Anglo-Boer War ). On 13 March 1900 Bloemfontein was occupied by the British, …

… get from Europe to the East and months to sail back home. On these voyages, many of the sailors died from a disease … from Europe. Van Riebeeck’s men kept sheep and rabbits on Robben Island. They hunted seals, penguins and wild … Cape The slaves were taken from their homes, to the Cape, on ships. Sometimes the VOC sent a ship to the east just to …

… homes and other towns in South Africa to make a quick buck on the Rand. Moreover, gold mining was labour intensive and, … is Proclaimed In 1905, a native location called Klipspruit on the margins of Johannesburg was declared. People who were … of black people to Johannesburg. The government was intent on maintaining a constant labour supply to farmers without …

… pumpkins and legumes, which were cultivated by women on fields allocated to them when they married. Women hoed and … for wages to support their families, who could not survive on subsistence farming alone. Delius also points out that … tasks, while the men, who were subject to restrictions on their lives to being wage-labourers, resisted direct …

… Gauteng Province. This article will predominantly focus on the Zulu communities in Durban. However, the history of … searching for a route from Europe to India. He landed on the KwaZulu-Natal coast on Christmas in 1497, and thus named the area Terra do Natal …

… the 1990s”, the 2nd Johannesburg Biennale , which opened on 10 October 1997, was lauded internationally whilst … a place to point out the converse effects of colonialism on the Global South and the New World, with much of the work … Europe, Asia and several countries aside from South Africa on the African continent. Marc Latamie, Castor & Pollux, …

… previously named the Democratic Party (DP), was formed on 8 April 1989, when the former Progressive Federal Party, … the National Party's apartheid policy. The PP took a stand on constitutional reform, and called for an entrenched … without trial, pass laws, influx control, job reservation on grounds of colour, racially separate amenities, the Group …

… life of the people living in the slumyards. It was centred on beer-brewing and shebeens. The marabi dance parties became … Pitch Black Follies and The Merry Blackbirds, following on American tradition, began to front their bands with female … evolved into "kwela", which began as street music based on the penny whistle. Younger, juvenile musicians played the …

… point of contention between the English and the Afrikaans. On the other hand, most South Africans had had no say in the … period his main priority was white security. He called on all whites to support the NP, and especially invited the … Commonwealth was a mistake and that South Africa was now on a difficult path. Others English speakers were pushed …

… unifying principle in biology, which explains how life on earth began and developed. The scientific evidence … He wrote a book, published over 150 years ago, called On the Origin of Species , which was very controversial at … evolution occurs was essentially correct, but incomplete. On the basis of newer knowledge, and particularly advances in …

… of its citizens in the Province. India, whose import trade on the eve of British occupation consisted of gold bullion, … exported as much in revenue to Britain. Evasion of dues on trade and the extraction of exorbitant taxes from land … immigrants signed no contract but merely put their mark on a written statement which served to confirm that the …

… to actively participate in democracy instead of relying on political parties. Abahlali baseMjondolo president, S’bu … banner of the Poor People’s Alliance [8] 2011 Based on continued failures to receive adequate service delivery … after the election. That is why we have decided to stand on our own and fight our own battles - we have been betrayed …

… makes use of poison gas for the first time in an attack on the Russian position west of Warsaw, Poland. The 18 000 … begins””the first use of poison gas by the German Army on the Western Front resulting in 58 000 British casualties … prevented a breakthrough, inflicting 250 000 casualties on the British forces. The British Navy begins the evacuation …

… the Sekhukhuniland and Mpondoland revolts brought pressure on the ANC to consider the turn to the armed struggle. … with this policy of non-violence and wanted to embark on an armed struggle. Though committed to non-violence, in … the South African Coloured Peoples Organisation (SACPO). On 16 December 1961, MK announced its existence with a series …

… countries. Due to natural and human reasons shipwrecks on the South African coast occurred often. Since 1500 more … also be that vessels from the Indian Ocean could have sunk on our shores. The Portuguese on the east African coast, especially Mozambique, encountered …

… 1600s In the Dutch colonial era, from the 17th century on, indigenous tribes people and slaves imported from the … the ramkie, a guitar with three or four strings, based on that of Malabar slaves. They used it to blend Khoi and … the succeeding centuries also had a profound influence on South African musical styles. In the late 1800s, early …