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ArchiveAppendix 1: Time Line of South African history by Denis Goldberg
… South Africa (CPSA) was formed. 1923-1927 First apartheid laws are passed. The separation of residential areas by race … Between 1950 and 1970 1400 people…
EventRobert Sobukwe is sentenced to three years' imprisonment
… for incitement of Blacks to urge the repeal of pass laws. Sobukwe led a peaceful Black march to Orlando police …
PlaceLanga Township, Cape Town
… pupils to aspire to become nurses, teacher and ministers. Pass Museum Inside a dingy relic, at Langa's old pass office . This is where black people had to…
Document 38 - Certification of the Constitution; a summary of the judgment of the Constitutional Court
… By E.S Reddy The "Campaign of Defiance against Unjust Laws" - launched jointly by the African National Congress of … in 1948 and had enacted a series of…
Document 92 “Communist Party of South Africa Plenum Held from 5th to 8th April 1936”, Umsebenzi, and 16 May 1936
… in particular for the repeal of such anti-democratic laws as the Pass Laws, Masters' and Servants' Act, Colour Bar Act, etc. 11. …
ArticleElizabeth Davenport: A teacher and member of the Black Sash by Cole Morgan
… National Party representatives in the Senate in order to pass the Separate Representation of Voters Bill. As a part of … manner that she could. During these…
Conflict among civic organisations
… because of social divisions which were driven by the pass laws and the enforcement of migrant labour practices. The …
Article1960s: The Civil Rights and Black Power movements
… countries like South Africa, the United States and Europe, laws which guarantee civil rights are written down. Examples … Act, which made it illegal to force…
PlaceConstitution Hill Museum, Johannesburg
… “anti-establishment” and those who simply violated the pass laws of the time. (Many ordinary and famous people were …
PlaceNdabeni
… of the township came labour supply regulations and pass laws. These regulations forced unemployed men in the city to …
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1920s
… headed by Sir Johannes Lange, is appointed to inquire into laws concerning the right of Asiatics to trade and acquire … Convention held in Kimberly to…
Address by Selby Msimang, President, Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union of South Africa, July 23, 1921
… which Shakespeare had envisaged in Shylock. They made such laws as would convert a Christian to Atheism. Study the laws for the distribution of land, the…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1960-1969
… This period began with the intensification of the anti-pass campaign, which resulted in the banning of the ANC and … (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress …
Address by President Nelson Mandela at the official opening of the Bram Fischer library at the legal resources centre Johannesburg, 27 September 1996
… human rights. The series of major test cases against the pass laws did not only benefit vast numbers of people by expanding … movement, but they also…
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1950s
… 'Decade of Defiance'. 1950 Florence Matomela leads an anti-pass demonstration resulting in the burning of passes in Port … a broad anti-nationalist front to…
ArticleThe Women’s Charter
… hereby declare our aim of striving for the removal of all laws, regulations, conventions and customs that discriminate … for Women: We resolve to struggle…
Pamphlet by Professor Z. K. Matthews, published in November 1946
… provided for in Act 12 of 1936, the policy embodied in our laws relating to Natives in urban areas and the system for … or other he did not think it fit and…
Search for a United Front against racism
… Speaking at the Second National Conference of the Anti-Pass Committee held in Johannesburg on Sunday, Dr A.B. Xuma, … in their struggle against the Ghetto…
Passive Resistance 1946 - A Selection of Documents compiled by E.S. Reddy & Fatima Meer - Search for a United Front against racism
… Speaking at the Second National Conference of the Anti-Pass Committee held in Johannesburg on Sunday, Dr A.B. Xuma, … in their struggle against the Ghetto…
ArticleStructure of Government in South Africa
… The legislature - Parliament To legislate means to ‘make laws'. The legislature, or Parliament is where our elected … Parliament (MPs) meet to discuss…
ArticleAhmed Mohamed Kathrada Timeline: 1929 - 2017
… Group of the TIC against discriminatory licensing laws in Johannesburg. Here they sold their produce without a … helps organize the 'Campaign of Defiance…
ArchiveAppendix 3 The Freedom Charter
… for and to stand as a candidate for all bodies which make laws; All people shall be entitled to take part in the … and contempt shall be a punishable crime;…
Document 23 - The Freedom Charter adopted at the Congress of the People at Kliptown, Johannesburg on 25 and 26 June 1955
… for and stand as a candidate for all bodies which make laws; All the people shall be entitled to take part in the … and contempt shall be a punishable crime;…
Note on meeting with Mr. Sam Nujoma -1983
… for and to stand as a candidate for all bodies which make laws; All people shall be entitled to take part in the … and contempt shall be a punishable crime;…
Appendix - The Freedom Charter
… for and to stand as a candidate for all bodies which make laws; All people shall be entitled to take part in the … and contempt shall be a punishable crime;…
Increasing repression and the turn to the armed struggle
… the ANC and formed the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Anti pass campaign was by the PAC organised in 1960 that ended in … Cape Town left the country just…
ArticleIndenture: A new system of slavery?
… subjected to the most inhuman treatment, there being no laws to protect them. If the slave married a slave woman, his … be arrested as a "deserter," unless…
ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1960-1969
… 1960 21 March , In a peaceful anti pass march led by the PAC at Sharpeville, the police open … nation-wide strike in protest of the Sharpeville massacre…
Document 50 - Socialist League of Africa , “South Africa: Ten Years of the Stay-at-Home”, International Socialism, 5, Summer 1961
… of South Africa. And yet the events centred on an anti-pass campaign and drew in the entire African township … struggle of the whole African people. Because…
Timeline: All-Africa Convention (AAC)
… Convention (AAC) demands reconsideration of oppressive laws such as the Riotous Assemblies Act, the Native Service Contract Act, Poll Tax Act, and the Pass…