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… address issues of gender inequality that were driven by the state against women of colour. The Women’s Charter was … achieved her midwife qualification and was employed by the City Health of Johannesburg. Nontsikelelo Albertina, … ANC Women’s League and FEDSAW aided the boycott greatly by opening alternative ‘schools’ for children and teenages, …

… of South Africa's Domestic Services Workers , conducted by the Development Policy Research Unit of the School of … women work on farms, where the minimum wage law as set by the Department of Labour is still sometimes ignored. The … most complained of ongoing poor service and non-delivery by government to alleviate their problems. Grants and …

… that some of the leaders were already being influenced by ANC underground operatives.  Murphy Morobe,  Billy … student leaders were initiated into the Congress tradition by Joe Gqabi. The 1976 uprising raised the political … in the later 1970s and 1980s were carried out mainly by members of the June 16 Detachment. Others students opted …

… If they can’t help you, try to find out yourself by using the internet or by asking your neighbors. Also answer these questions in your …

… pertaining to Robert Sobukwe: Books : Time for Azania by Robert Sobukwe, 1976 (pdf) Speeches : Robert Sobukwe …

… civilisation which any society has reached can be measured by the degree of freedom that its members enjoy. The status of women is a test of civilisation. Measured by that standard, South Africa must be considered low in the … share with our menfolk the cares and anxieties imposed by poverty and its evils. As wives and mothers, it falls upon …

… paper money was used, and the stores of gold were held by governments. Gold therefore is important for many reasons … needs of the mines. Let's deal with these points one by one: Shaft Mining head Fixed Price Gold is like all other … producing the gold. We shall see later how they did this by forcing down the wages of the unskilled workers. …

… The adoption of the Freedom Charter by the Congress of the People was widely recognised both in … South Africa of the future’. The idea was endorsed by the ANC’s annual conference in September. On 23 March 1954 … produced the Charter, drawing on material prepared by the sub-committees. The document that emerged had a rather …

… was established under the command of a Captain, assisted by a Lieutenant and several Sergeants and Corporals. The … Legislation The South African Defence Act, signed in 1912 by General J.C Smuts , gave cognizance to the establishment … certain categories of members of the Commando's were kept by the Controlled Reserve, as a source of available manpower …

… (SACTU). Kimberley's Garment Workers Union is formed by J Mampies, independent of any South African Congress of … inaugural conference in Johannesburg. 13 April, Seconded by Cleopas Sibande , Lucy Mvubelo, South African Congress of … African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) is strengthened by the principled decision of the CNETU to dissolve and in …

… founder of the Boy Scouts. The siege was movingly recorded by South African intellectual, journalist and activist Sol T … the Orange River in the south. The area is characterised by flat, rolling grasslands and crop fields, rising to lovely … popular tourist destinations. Its western part is marked by the dramatic Drakensberg mountain range, with several …

… A World Heritage Site is declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural …

… the masses and me with them, under a hypnotic spell by the sheer force of his own conviction...I forgot … to pass the Enabling Act, which gave him the power to rule by decree. He became a dictator, crushed all opposition and … 'death' or concentration camps, in a process referred to by the Nazis as The Final Solution. This Genocide remains one …

… were heavily taxed. Wealthy farmers responded angrily by destroying their crops and killing their livestock. Stalin punished them by destroying their homes and deporting most of them to … socialised farming to the masses and were made possible by the expertise of the capitalists who owned large …

… marked the beginning of territorial segregation by forcing the majority of Black South Africans to live in … relocated to the reserves. Further separation was ensured by different forms of urban control. In the early 1920s, the … the lives of urban Africans. The government was encouraged by the recommendation of the Stallard Commission of 1922, …

… to this model, political revolutions are not caused by one event only. Various factors, evolving over time, can … The philosophy behind a revolution is usually directed by and educated elite group who wish to write a Constitution … liberal reforms. The process, however, is often taken over by radicals. Radicals demand more sweeping and extreme …

… during this period, where he studied in art classes run by Medu for prisoners.) Other cultural activists in Medu … see themselves as elite and isolated individuals, touched by creative madness or genius; but simply people doing their … less overt censorship, and less need for self-censorship. (By 1982, the South African regime routinely assassinated …

… to indigenous people. The endurance and tolerance shown by the tree in growing old is reflective of the sustained and exceptional service to South Africa that is awarded by this Order. Similarly the service rendered, still ensures …

… Africa convene the Defend Free Speech Convention, attended by 528 delegates representing over a million people, … so, unofficially. Dr Moroka presides over the meeting. By this time, Dr Alfred Bitini Xuma resigns from the ANC NEC … Areas Bill the Conference, adopt a resolution accepted by all the represented organisations.   May 21, The African …

… is the Sharpeville Day you mentioned that it was started by students, but to my knowledge and of course of my family … you talk of they will tell you that it was started by PAC - so please just try and explain this issue deeply … on your website Wow! I am absolutly and totally impressed by your history website. I wish there was a website so …

… The annual South African budget speech is given by the Minister of Finance. The event gives a detailed break …

… and laws on the new ideas about race that were developed by the Europeans at that time. Today these policies and laws …

… 16 December, Nadarasen 'Kukri' Appavoo was honoured by the House of Traditional Leaders for his role in the …

… collective and photographic agency. Established by Omar Badsha, Lesley Lawson and a small group of black and … in the face of stare censorship. Afrapix members driven by their opposition to apartheid and state repression pooled …   Initially, the Inter-Church Media Project (IMP) headed by Rev Bernard Spong supported Afrapix, with office, darkroom …

… how wrong they were! Adapted from the school textbook by Emilia Potenza, this feature provides a taste of Africa's … cultural traditions and the stories and memories passed on by the elders. ”The Broken String” presents this wealth of … 'The Broken String' was developed for the SAHO classroom by Emilia Potenza …

… next decade. Stalin became a famous local revolutionary by supporting strikers, publishing illegal propaganda and … Stalin made sure that his regime was not criticised by having his close friends run the press. In order to … pointed out the way ahead for future communist leaders by doing away with opposition to his implementation of …

… of the ANC and others. The announcement was received by the UDF with joy, suspicion and confusion. The State of … up focusing on the homelands and on homeland authorities, by calling for integration into South Africa as a whole. In … the UDF, and they even came to resent the UDFs actions. By September discussions on the role of the UDF had risen …