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… the Caitodonian Castle. Moroka is tutored for two years by Mr Fairweather and his wife towards and passes his London … from the other accused. December, Moroka is defeated by Albert Luthuli as president general of the ANC. 1976 … the Order of Luthuli. The order is bestowed upon him by President Jacob Zuma on National Freedom Day celebrations …

… of slavery in 1808. Until that time Dutch farmers employed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) supplied fresh food to … than this required a district pass that had to be approved by the Governor. These restrictions caused 60% of the … Orange Free State. Local government aimed to control them by forcing them to carry passes. The Boer Republic of the …

… network of water routes for mobility and surprise." [1] By the mid sixteenth century the area was invaded by Mande-speaking armies, who were connected with the Mali … and surrounding villages were referred to as "war towns" by the nineteenth century. [5] The political organisation of …

… to grow crops and to settle between these two rivers. By the 7th century BC small farming settlements of people … Gods as a sacrifice. The gods were represented on earth by the king and his nobles. It was the king who received all … around 3500 BC to around 2350 BC, when they were defeated by the Akkadians. Their capital in Uruk was one of the …

… It effectively summarises the introductory speech given by R. H. Whale (qv.).* The primary argument for the … was "a considerable growth in the interest displayed by the general public in art", not only in South Africa itself, but in Europe, "where the work done by eminent artists who had visited the country from time to …

… in Oudtshoorn for eight days near Easter . Conceptualised by the local businessman and lawyer Nic Barrow and the former … free programming, and beer and music tents frequented by day visitors, and also in terms of the question of the … of the Afrikaner ’.” [1] Babbel, written and directed by Nicola Hanekom, (Bronwyn van Graan pictured) Image source …

… people were killed. The British government was embarrassed by the army's initial lack of success against what they … are seen as virgins, tied to a burning stake, which is lit by John Bull, the British version of America’s Uncle Sam. All of Europe's powers seem to be standing by, watching, but not helping. (From Amsterdamsche Courant, …

… remained. On 2 October 1898, women were so frustrated by the carrying of passes that a number of them in the … were given instructions of how to enforce the regulations. By October 1906 the effects of enforcing the residential pass … Residents continued to protest against the new regulations by appealing to the government. They also wrote to the  …

… against apartheid and white minority rule. Confronted by opposition from the ANC's Africanist wing, Mandela stuck … 1930 to 1937 dies in Johannesburg. His funeral is attended by over 2000 mourners. 15-18 June, The ANC’s NEC meets to … of new pieces of apartheid legislation being introduced by the Malan Government. 11 December, Mandela was banned for …

… was first banned in 1962. From 1978 to 1990 he was bound by the restrictions of his 1950 listing. 1951 May, Walter … anxious to emphasise Indo-African unity and was ‘dismayed by the attitudes he encountered in his discussions with … Natal. ” Some took pride in the 1949 riots.’ He was amazed by the view among some that because whites had defeated …

… South Africa  will give a broader view of the role played by women in the struggle for freedom. It is often overlooked … passes A pass was a document that black people were forced by the government to carry with them at all times. If … a job for a defined period. If they had not found a job by the time the pass expired, the law compelled them to go …

… on communism. A Women's Rights Department, headed by Alexandra Kollontai , a former exile member of the … the rule of the Tsar, and Lenin wanted to see this changed by having both women and men attending classes together and … Communist Party adopted the calendar , which was followed by many countries in Western Europe. Activity: Write an essay …

… built their villages around a cattle kraal and were ruled by a chief or king. Crop farming was new to the area and the … work easier. The ox-plough was brought to southern Africa by European settlers and it replaced the hoe as a tool to … society of African farmers. The plough had to be pulled by oxen, but women were not allowed to handle cattle. This …

… the suburbs of Durban and reached Pietermaritzburg by 19 January. A total of 142 people died in the ensuing … Indians left their homes and took refuge in camps staffed by NIC officials as rioting spread from Durban to … and the ANC were jointly represented at this commission by Dr G. Lowen from Johannesburg. After the commission …

… was  Ida Mntwana  who was appointed after a brief stint by Madie Hall-Xuma. The women became active in the Defiance … at the forefront. The Women's League was then asked by the Congress Alliance to assist in organising the 1955 … was held on the 27th of October 1955 and was attended by 2 000 women. On the 9th of August 1956, the women of the …

… April 1994 to 3 February 1997, South Africa was governed by a Government of National Unity (GNU) under the leadership … Government of National Unity was established and headed by Nelson Mandela as a president and FW De Klerk as his … its withdrawal from the GNU. The main reasons cited by F W de Klerk was the exclusion of joint-decision making …

… refused to accept a new tax that was being implemented by the colonial administration. Together with a small group … harsh policies that the Zulu population was subjected to by the colonial administration in Natal, as well as a number …

… plant symbolises the unique beauty of achievements by men and women who carry the colourful South African aloft … - the crown symbolises a feathered head-dress worn by performers, royalty and respected people. The rays of the …

… attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by creating the cosmetic Tricameral Parliament. This system … a turning point in South African history. Popular protest by masses of ordinary South Africans against the apartheid …

… the first people to live at the Cape. They got their food by hunting wild animals and gathering plant foods like … the rest of southern Africa. The San were called Bushmen by the Dutch, because they made their homes in the bush. …

… guaranteed returns on their money. Hence the star system. By casting big names investors hope to ensure the film will … Andre Brink's A Dry White Season was made into a film by MGM in 1989. Shot in Zimbabwe, it starred Donald …

… In 1960, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee made history by awarding the Nobel Peace Prize to Albert Luthuli in … oppression of the majority of South Africans perpetuated by the policy of apartheid, but the Nationalist Government's … states to claim the interior of Africa for themselves. By 1914, the whole of Africa had been colonised with the …

… provinces. Cape Town began as a small trading post run by the Dutch East India Company (DEIC) from the Netherlands. … do repairs and restock. This trading post was started by Jan van Riebeeck, who arrived in 1652. At first most of … They were mostly Afrikaans, and did not want to be ruled by the British. The eastern border was very far from Cape …

… Workers’ Charter in South Africa was drawn up in 1913 by white unions in the Transvaal. It was a year of high … Black mineworkers came out to strike in solidarity, but by that point the military offensive was in full force and … education and freedom of speech, association and movement. By going beyond narrow workplace issues this Workers’ Charter …

… she has since denied making these remarks. Jackson was by no means the only African American performer who ignored … than $152 a month per family, the official poverty level.’ By this time the UN was appealing directly to artists, … Mbeki gave a speech at the festival, which was attended by 250,000 people. Another group in the USA, ‘Artists United …

… in three remarkable sessions: an encounter in Delhi by Sumangala Damodaran, Neo Muyanga, Sazi Dlamini and Susmit … between Jürgen Bräuninger  and Sazi Dlamini, in Delhi by Sumangala Damodaran, Tapan Mullick and Pritam Ghosal and in Cape Town by Malika Ndlovu, Tina Scouw, Brydon Bolton and Ari Sitas. …

… of films to South Africa. 26 November 1965 — Declaration by British Academics for an Academic Boycott of South Africa … on Sanctions against Racist South Africa, organised by the United Nations in cooperation with the OAU and the … Cultural and Academic Links with South Africa, organised by the Special Committee against Apartheid took place in Los …

… coloured' or Malay. When the 'Coolie location' was struck by bubonic plague in 1904, many of the evacuees moved to the 'Malay Location' (Fietas). By 1927, the racial character of Pageview had become racially … of the tour is on the ‘history of Fietas’ and it is led by former resident Feizel Mamdoo, the trail takes visitors …

… 476. Archaeologist Somebody who studies ancient cultures by looking at what they left behind, like pottery and bones. Artificial Made by man, to look like something natural. Atmosphere Gasses … Heavy cloth used for sails and tents. Cargo Goods carried by a form of transport. Castrate Remove a male person or …