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… number of personal slaves had reached the Cape, mostly by accompanying their owners from Batavia, until they were … work, seal-catching and all other necessary work done by slaves in return for a plain fare of rice and fish or seal … to Madagascar. But this time round the vessel was beset by violent storms in the Madagascar channel and its whole …

… origin comprise a heterogeneous community distinguished by different origins, languages, and religious beliefs. The … majority of slaves that came from the Far East and were by the 1880s totally integrated into the Cape White and … were free to remain in South Africa or to return to India. By 1910, nearly 26.85% indentured men returned to India, but …

… in the secondary schools and universities. The role played by the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) in the Soweto revolt is demonstrated by the students' demand for an educational system that was … and technical terms. According to Mono Badela (interviewed by Mufson in January 1988), “...[the students] saw Afrikaans …

… of the Khoikhoi, the herders of Southern Africa is told by material remains, rock paintings and stories passed down. … were limited to the amount that could be carried by themselves and their cattle. Their huts were lightly built … onto the backs of the cattle." From History Alive Std S by J.Nisbet et al, p 114 ”¦cattle are a sign of wealth. The …

… to be racially segregated, separated from one another by open spaces and with separate access roads” (Christopher, … Bless Africa’) as its anthem and a new flag, proposed by Thomas Levi Mvabaza , with “black for the people, green … of this Act Indians and Africans could not be employed by licence holders and are not allowed on licensed premises …

… African socio-economic strategy, adopted and implemented by African National Congress (ANC) government under the … to address the huge socio-economic problems brought about by Apartheid government. Most importantly, the ANC … GEAR was in line with the neoliberal policy encouraged by the Washington-based Bretton Woods Institutions, the World …

… through peaceful demonstrations. Workers are also allowed by legislation to embark on strikes when disputes with their … leadership of Joseph Mathunjwa . The workers, represented by AMCU, demanded a salary increase from R5 000 to R12 000 … would pull out of negotiations if a deal was not reached by 9 June 2014. In June 2014, AMCU argued for fixed wage …

… Party and within the Afrikaner community. Cosmetic changes by the South African government After the Soweto Uprising of 1976, the South African government led by P.W. Botha, introduced changes which it claimed were … government had initially used a 'divide and rule' approach by dividing the population into ethnic groups and by treating …

… the services rendered to peace, freedom and democracy by Sechaba .' 25 June, Mewa Ramgobin initiates a meeting at … — it was held at the Phoenix Settlement, established by Gandhi, with whose birthday it coincided. Two weeks before … this historical moment.  He was replaced as president by George Sewpersadh who, in turn, was banned in 1973. 1972 …

… arrest of the MK high Command highlight a conundrum faced by those in the liberation struggle: the way that justice was … In the Rivonia Trial, the ‘accused’ addressed this problem by using the courts as a site of struggle. They argued that … The Trial 1963-1964 Rivonia Trialist supporters, led by Gertude Shope and other activists, outside the Palace of …

… in South Africa and the first campaign pursued jointly by all racial groups under the leadership of the ANC and the … was the main speaker at the Johannesburg rally chaired by Dr. Dadoo . In Port Elizabeth Prof. Z.K Matthews spoke … my leader under whom I shall be placed and strictly abide by the rules and regulations of the National Volunteer Corps …

… National Congress (ANC) is formed. The ANC was founded by John Dube , Pixley ka Isaka Seme and Sol Plaatje . It has … A further ill-treatment of these Palestinian refugees by the Israelis military happened. 1987 First Anti-fada … strikes and protests, attacking the Israelis soldiers by stones. In response, the Israelis solders shot, beat and …

… were illegal, they were held just the same and attended by thousands of peasants, who came on foot and on horseback … carried back the news to their areas. Repeated requests by the Mountain Committee for the magistrate to come and hear … their new-found unity was being undermined from within by government agents. Drastic action was taken against these …

… of his leadership, many of which have been refuted by historians. Although Lenin can be fondly referred to as … at the hands of Stalin's regime outweigh those caused by the brutality of the Nazi regime. Political Importance: … War the Soviets were forced to fight with the Allies, led by Britain and later the United States of America (USA), …

… Dutch explorers met small hunter-gatherers called Sonqua by their Khoe guides. Later, these cattle-less people became … groups. In this last case, true pastoralism, as observed by the Dutch, would have developed locally through the … centuries. Research, unfortunately, is severely hampered by poor preservation in temporary campsites. This paper was …

… includes a series of open letters that will be followed by response letters by participants and other student activists. Student …

… of banned persons were included. The Act was repealed by the Internal Security Act No 74 of 1982 and the Internal … No 138 of 1991 except for s 10. Section 10 was repealed by the State of Emergency Act No 86 of 1995. …

… (AWB) was an ultra-right wing organisation led by Eugene Terreblanche , that first came into prominence in … parade of the AWB, he announced : "This land is our by right of conquest! [Schweizer-Reneke] is where we ended …

… thereafter. The first half of 1992 was characterized by various instances of violence, happening amidst … at home. Police patrolling townships were frequently met by barricades, stopped and assailed. However, the government … and on the Reef. The death toll for the year stood at 725 by the end of March. Train violence on the Reef also …

… his exhibit "Meet the Bantu: A Story in Changing Cultures" by saying: These photographs are intended as an introduction … themes with headlines like: "Studies of Native Life by Leon Leveson," "Photographic Record of Native Life," …

… activity 27 March, Tambo goes into exile. He is driven by Ronald Segal , the editor of the liberal journal, Africa … Unity, Dar Es Salaam 31 October Delivers a Statement by the ANC on the Invasion of Angola by South African Troops 1976 Following the Soweto student …

… people of Southern Africa who live or used to live by hunting and gathering.   DID YOU KNOW! The European … see evidence of cultural practices that are still being by Southern African hunter-gatherers. Such as the making of … was treated equally, and that all big decisions were made by the group or band. There were no chiefs or leaders and in …

… the Nats established an Asian Affairs Department run by the Minister of the Interior, J de Klerk, who announced … was reestablished as the Department of Indian Affairs, run by Minister WA Maree. The department dealt mainly with issues … framework of separate development, evidenced in a request by the SAIC’s MD Coovadia in 1965 for the establishment of an …

… of the invasion. The South African Party was supported by the Labour Party and the Unionists. Herzog’s National … other senior army officers. However, de la Rey was killed by a police patrol bullet when their car failed to stop at a … of Union troops to deal with the Rebellion (Photo: By courtesy. South African National Museum of Military …

… mighty states like Austria, Prussia and Russia, and by 1810 controlled much of Europe. In some of the states he … and so the revolutionary values that were introduced by the French Revolution spread all over Europe. So although … Revolution and became a despot, he was still influenced by the Revolution’s ideals. Through his conquests, he became …

… : The act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force. Empire : A group of countries or states that are controlled by one ruler or government. Expansion : An act of increasing … about them. Independence : Freedom from political control by other countries. Indigenous : Belonging to a particular …

… in reaction to the Suppression of Communism Act passed by the government. Dr James Moroka gave his first public … Albert Luthuli became president of the ANC, and was banned by the government in early 1953 under the Suppression of … Police raids increased after the meeting, and by the end of the year 42 ANC leaders had been banned. This …

… 8-13 December 1958 in Accra Ghana. The AAPC was attended by both independent and non independent countries, … formally attend as the organisation as it was prevented by the apartheid government from doing so. However, a … Day was celebrated in Ethiopia, South Africa, Ghana and by African people in Britain, China, Soviet Union and the …

… mamokhorong. It was a single-string violin that was used by the Khoi in their own music making and in the dances of … the early 1820s, a tradition that was given added impetus by the travelling minstrel shows of the 1880s. This tradition … were at first white performers in "black-face", but by the 1860s black American minstrel troupes had begun to …