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… 1866 resulted in a flood of treasure hunters, especially from England , streaming to the interior of the Country. … in their chiefdoms.  The Batlhaping tribe originates from a breakaway of the Barolong, a Tswana tribe which dates back to 1270. Barolong derives their name from their first ruler Morolong, a name which means to forge …

… INFIGHTING within the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) is far from over as two factions in the party battle with each other … be of no consequence”. “The leadership that shall emerge from Fort Hare shall have no authority over the affairs of … PAC. The absence of veterans, the very founders of PAC, from Fort Hare is irrefutable proof that this conference is …

… and lasted only nine months. Burton died at 58 in 1984 from cerebral hemorrhage, while Taylor died at 76 in 2011 from heart failure. … ‘ Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton Marriage Profile ’ from about.com: Marriage [online] available at … (2001). ‘ 1975: Liz Taylor and Richard Burton remarry ’ from BBC: On This Day 1950-2005 [online] Available at …

… South African political prisoners who have just returned from Cuba. The Cuban Five, as they are known, were arrested … by the FBI while trying to stop right-wing groups in Miami from carrying out terrorist attacks against Cuban people in …

… strike, the procedures to be followed, and the exclusion from certain essential services categories of workers were … Political History: a chronology of key political events from independence to mid-1997, Westport: Greenwood. …

… Castle, carrying Black troops after the Mendi set sail from Cape Town. The following is an excerpt from Jingoes, who wrote of his journey, published in Black …

… areas of Rwanda. Led by Belgians in 1916, they advanced from Congo into Germany's East African colonies, rapidly … in the long German retreat. A colonial military campaign from 1923 to 1925 brought the small independent kingdoms to … A., 2011.   ‘This day in African History: 31 August’  from African History [online] Available at  …

… was a real possibility, he faced considerable opposition from the white electorate as many of the political prisoners … political prisoners opposed to Apartheid, as prisoners from political movements across the political spectrum joined … York Times," South African Political Prisoners Fasting ",From: New York Times ,[Online],Available at: www.nytimes.com …

… by COSATU in Cape Town, which aimed to include delegates from a broad spectrum of anti-apartheid organisations, and … not leave their respective homes or magisterial districts from 6pm on 21 September to 6am on 3 October. Many trade …

… his four visitors, one women and three men, were fetched from his home by four police officers to the outskirts of … He was shot several times while attempting to escape from his captors. A post mortem showed he had been shot eight …

… but now has 8 900! Today the majority of inmates come from Mitchell's Plain, but the facility has housed some … President Nelson Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor from Robben Island before being sent to Victor Verster Prison …

… It tackled challenges brought about by issues ranging from disarmament and militarisation of outer space to the … information regarding the summit. A live webcam view from the United Nations building was available. The summit …

… but ended in divorce in 1996. Shortly after his release from prison, Mandela met Graça Machel, the widow of former Mozambican president, Samora Machel. Apart from her involvement in the Mozambican liberation struggle, …

… Night Cape Town 2016 programme, including 15 museums sites from the District Six Museum to the Cape Town Holocaust … you to skip queues and get a complimentary glass of wine from the Roodeberg VIP bar at the National Gallery.   See …

… Stories: The Spirit of Two Worlds by Jayapraga Reddy; From the Backseat by Greg Latter; Blind Justice by Stanley Loba Mabena; The Lovers by Bessie Head; From Blame Me on History by Bloke Modisane; Capping It All by …

… 1977 Sir de Villiers Graaff announced his retirement from politics, having been leader of the opposition from 1956 until the dissolution of the UP on 28 June 1977. … O’Malley, P.,  ‘1977’ , from Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory , [online], Available … ‘Sir de Villiers Graaff announces his retirement from politics, having been leader of the opposition from 1956 …

… in Brussels, where his dramatic appearance stole the show from other Congolese leaders. Following Congo’s independence, which it gained from Belgium in June 1960, a series of events that led to his … A. ‘This day in African history: 01 November’ , from About African History , [online], available at …

… George Xarile together with F. Van Rensburg, a shift boss from Vlakfontein mine. It is understood that Van Rensburg made bombs for Sisulu, presumably from dynamite. At the time of the meeting the ANC and other … O’Malley P. ‘1963’ , from Nelson Mandela Foundation , [online], Available at …

… work was hard for critics to classify. It seems to borrow from expressionism and surrealism, though he rejected the … of his time. He died in Johannesburg, on 13 December 1975, from a heart attack. … African Artist, Oil Paintings, Paintings 1911 ”“ 1975 ’ from Arcy Art [online]. Available at www.arcyart.com …

… much of the picturesque, Cape Peninsula. Extending for 2km from east to west, the level edge of its cliffs which tower … 1968. The massive Table Mountain National Park stretches from North of Cape Town down the Cape Peninsula to Africa’s … Diep and Spaanchemat River, whilst the Disa River emerged from Orange Kloof and ran South-West. The most important …

… who would later train to be a teacher. Coming as they did from different tribes and from different parts of rural colonial Africa, they did not … Moyo. At this point Zambia had only been independent from British colonial rule for six years. The excitement at …

… work and thought. In this article, we approach that story from our other locations: the rest of the African continent … in France. Children of local elites especially benefitted from this arrangement. Confronted by the reality of stark … the students in England, Portugal and Belgium and the USA. From Nkrumah, Nyerere, Cabral, Senghor, Kenyatta to Mondlane …

… From: The South African Communist Party In Exile 1963 - 1990 … that the world was going through an era of transition from capitalism to socialism. Thus the programme reaffirmed, … to establish an "internal leadership core" to be selected from a list of names including Andrew MIangeni, Ahmed …

… hatred for non-Europeans may vary, few are completely free from it. Strange as it may seem, the non-Europeans show … of a modern capitalist economy upon South Africa, from outside and by outsiders. Everything was foreign: the … mine owners were foreigners (Uitlanders), the capital came from abroad, and even the workers were imported. The miners …

… From the moment I assumed office, I came face-to-face with … theory of apartheid. The Master Race philosophy, far from proving beneficial to the Whites, has brought disastrous … The poverty into which they drove the non-Europeans, far from resulting in increased prosperity for the Whites, …

… Political Parties and Movements; Distinguished Observers from International Organisations; Members of the Diplomatic … us, today will mark the commencement of the transition from apartheid to democracy. Our people, from every corner of our country, have expressed their …

… From the book:  Freedom In Our Life Time by Anton Muziwakhe … as "Lembs," Lembede was a political neophyte when he moved from the Orange Free State to Johannesburg in 1943 to … this collection, which brings together Lembede's writings from his student days to just a few days before his death, …

… standards of the workers, but also in raising the industry from its original primitive level to a position which is … carefully the problems peculiar to our own country. From Britain, we learnt the basic principles of trade unionism; from America, modern technique; and from Central and Eastern …

… From the book:  Side by Side by Helen Joseph While I was … even torture by the security police to extract information from helpless victims, was the order of the day. South Africa … with laughter before his detention, fell to his death from a seventh-floor window of the police buildings while he …

… people. It was representative of a people who had emerged from tribalism and it was under its auspices that many took … now found a niche within the new organisation. It was from this vantage point that they proceeded to spread their infection. From the very beginning they made an attempt to kill the …