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The Ideology of the Black Consciousness Movement
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) after the Sharpeville massacre in 1960. United loosely …
ArticlePeople and Culture of South Africa
… books etc, to this feature during the year. The country's Constitution guarantees equal status to 11 official languages … languages spoken in South Africa…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1910-1919
… in Durban. A decision is also taken to harmonise their constitution with that of the SANNC. March, Leaders of the … War. 1915 The annual SANNC conference…
40 years after: Understanding the Soweto Uprising by Motsoko Pheko (Pambazuka News), 30 June 2016
… militants of the banned Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). One of the students that the apartheid colonialist … called by the then banned Pan…
ArticleRace and ethnicity in South Africa
… of eleven official languages. The South African Constitution provides equal human, political and social … and hold office. Section 9.3 of the Bill of…
ArticleGrade 12 - Topic 3 - Civil Society protests 1950s to 1990s
… This was the founding of the Women’s Defence of the Constitution, the symbol of the organisation, a constitution draped in a black sash, showed their…
The appointment of Judges
… members. The appointment process, set out in the interim constitution, required the president - again, in consultation … relevant: the core issue was what…
ArticleThe Tricameral Parliament
… as farcical. It was dissolved when a new interim constitution came into effect which abolished Apartheid …
Biography of Bessie Emery by Elizabeth Venditti
… her to be involved in the Pan Africanist Movement, or the PAC, [xiii] in the 1950s, and the Liberal Party in 1961. … laws were passed, Head was briefly…
ArticleWomen’s resistance in the 1960s - Sharpeville and its aftermath
… National Congress (ANC) and Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) both announced plans to tackle the pass laws for blacks … were made and in April 1960 the ANC and…
EventAmy Biehl is murdered in Cape Town
… surrounded the vehicle, shouting the Pan African Congress (PAC) militant slogan "One settler, one bullet!" Amy was … People’s Liberation Army (APLA), the…
Speech by President Nelson Mandela at a banquet in honour of her majesty Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands Pretoria, 30 September 1996
… start of the Pan Africanist Congress' Anti Pass campaign. PAC Campaign will be test Contact 19 March 1960 Under the … his arrest. Find this at www.robben…
ArticleNatal Indian Association (NIA)
… and Settlers Indian Association) That the whole of the Constitution and Rules of the Congress, with such additions … and Settlers’ Association might put…
ArticleTanzania and its Support of Southern African Liberation Movements
… autonomous commonwealth, and the following year a new constitution was written and the Republic of Tanganyika was … National Congress (ANC) and the Pan…
Tanzania and its Suipport of Southern African Liberation Movements
… autonomous commonwealth, and the following year a new constitution was written and the Republic of Tanganyika was … National Congress (ANC) and the Pan…
ArticleBlack Women’s Federation
… where the organisation was launched, the women adopted a constitution and resolved to deal with issues related to …
ArticleSouth Africa - First 20 Years of Democracy (1994 - 2014)
… advent to democracy was ushered through the 1993 Interim Constitution, drawn up through negotiations among various …
Intersex South Africa (ISSA)
Intersex South Africa (ISSA) is an organization founded in 2010 by late activist Sally Gross. According to ISSA’s manifesto, the goals of their mission include…
EventPresident P. W. Botha offers Nelson Mandela conditional release from prison
… at the Rivonia Trial, and 4 Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) members. Goldberg left South Africa for Israel on 28 February 1985 and the PAC members were…
EventLiberation struggle activists, Gwala and Mothopeng are released from Robben Island
… Mothopeng a member of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) were released from Robben Island by the government. Both … for furthering the aims of a banned…
ArticleA Land Dispossession History 1600s-1990s
… central to the making of contemporary South Africa. The Constitution of South Africa was adopted in order to: … justice and fundamental human rights..." …
20 Years of Democracy - Profiles of the Presidents
… advent to democracy was ushered through the 1993 Interim Constitution, drawn up through negotiations among various …
ArchiveBreaking the chains
… Graphic of PAC and head with chain links breaking …
A brief history on South African prisons and prisoners
… and the smaller but vibrant Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) , were imprisoned on Robben Island. Ironically, their …
ArticleNational Party (NP)
… parties, and relaxed the Group Areas Act. In 1984, a new constitution was enacted which provided for a Tricameral … protested being shut out of the system,…
ArchiveExtract from Minutes of State Security Council Meeting, 4 June 1979
… Security Council Meeting. Dicussions included ANC and PAC terrorism and urban terrorism. …
BiographyJohn Langalibalele Dube
… Convention in March 1909, where delegates called for a constitution giving ‘full and equal rights’ for all Blacks, …
EventPatricia de Lille Born in Beaufort West
… of the Independent Democrats and former member of the PAC, is born in Beaufort West. Read more about Patricia's …
Memorandum of the National Committee for Liberation. London, mid-1963
… positions as being the revolutionary arms of the ANC and PAC. It has however an undoubted initiative over the other … the White comrades seem to have…
Document 26 - Nelson Mandela’s reply to F. W. De Klerk
… such as Masakhane, exposing the DP, IFP, NATS and PAC agenda to block change in Education Delivery etc. The same would apply to the constitution making…