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ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1910-1919
… Reverend Abram Mabula. 1911 The Union parliament enacts laws that widen “the racial divide”. This includes the Black … with others organized and participated…
BiographyOmar Badsha
… condemnation of the apartheid government's censorship laws. Badsha started working with the former Robben Island …
ArchivePresidential address presented at the Black Sash National Conference
… Sash National Conference on 31 October 1960, discussing: Pass Laws, wages, state of emergency, Apartheid, human rights, unjust laws, race relations. …
EventState of Emergency follows Sharpeville massacre
… The government proceeded with the introduction of apartheid laws in the 1950s. An example of this was the hated pass law. This forced Black people to carry…
Report of the Joint Planning Council of the ANC and the South African Indian Congress, November 8, 1951
… at the aforesaid Conference: (1) to declare war on Pass Laws and Stock Limitation, the Group Areas Act, the Voters' … agreed upon at the Joint Conference for…
ArticleYusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1960 - 1969
… announces, that it will embark on a campaign against the pass laws from Monday, the 21st March. March 21, The bloodiest … in an effort to disrupt the wave of…
ArticleThe Black Sash: A History of Transformation
… fighting for. However this stigma did not remain, as the Pass laws in that late 1950s became severely enforced and the … to Black Sash member Mary Burton …
ArchiveBlack Sash / Sash
… human suffering, hardship and poverty. Issues such as the Pass Laws, migrant labour, forced removals, indefinite detention … experiencing problems as a…
BiographyPeter Moonsammy
Peter Moonsammy was born on 25 March 1928 in Market St, Johannesburg. Moonsamy was the elder brother of Paul and Dasu Joseph who were Transvaal Indian…
BiographyJon Lynton David Hrusa
Jon Lynton David Hrusa was born in Cape Town on October 24 1965. He matriculated from St Stithians College in the mid-1980’s and went on to study at Wits…
BiographyKewpie
Kewpie was a hairdresser and iconic queer figure from District Six. A gender fluid individual who identified by female pronouns, Kewpie was a seminal nightlife…
BiographyBoy Mvemve
… was there during the 1959 Potato Boycott and the 1960 anti-pass campaign. Boy Adolphus Mvemve, courageous and selfless …
BiographyElizabeth Komikie Gumede
Recorded as one of the most tortured women political prisoners under the apartheid regime, Elizabeth Komikie Gumede was born in 1921. Gumede served as an…
ArchiveMinutes of the National Conference of the Black Sash held in Port Elizabeth
… regional reports, advice offices, court monitoring, Pass Laws, Influx Control, boycotts, unrest, closure of Rand Daily Mail, prisons, pensions, marriage laws…
ArticleDefiance Campaign timeline 1948-1952
… Some 8 000 Blacks are arrested for defying apartheid laws and regulations and the African National Congress (ANC) … front to oppose the National Party's…
ArticleThe 1956 Women’s March, Pretoria, 9 August
… or passes for African women until the 1950s. Although laws requiring such documents were enacted in 1952, the … in the Western Cape. According to the terms…
EventBlacks in South Africa protest against segregation
… to mount a mass action against the passing of six unjust laws. The six laws were; Pass Laws, Population Registration Act, Suppression of … Action Database , …
ArticleDr Alfred Bitini Xuma Timeline 1893-1998
… in Bantu World giving his support to the newly formed anti-pass campaign. Xuma agrees to act as trustee of the anti-pass campaign. April: Moses Kotane and…
ArticleThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) 1995
… include forced removals and the expropriation of land, the pass laws, racial classification and related legislatives instead …
Nelspruit the Segregated city
… ensuing 150 years ”. In 1874, the Cape government passed laws that ensured residential areas in the Eastern Cape were … presence. After the conclusion of the…
Eventold Indian flower seller is fined for trading in a racially restricted area
… R24 or 60 days in prison for breaking the municipal by-laws. The young man was charged on 29 counts for resisting … guilty on 12 counts and not guilty on 17…
BiographySibongile Susan Mkhabela
The youngest child of Mozambican immigrants, Sibongile (Bongi) Susan Mkhabela (nèe Mthembu) grew up in Zola, one of the poorest areas in Soweto, Transvaal…
ArchiveA Survey of race relations in South Africa: 1973
… Justice; Detention and trials under security laws; Guerrillas and movements-in-exile; Foreign affairs; … Group areas and hoiusing; Urban Bantu administration…
Yusuf Dadoo Timeline 1850-1889
… seekers from Southern Africa. 1880s The Boer Republics pass a number of laws that restrict the rights of Indian , Coloureds, Chinese …
BiographyNadine Gordimer
… and the pain inflicted by South Africa's unjust apartheid laws. In December 1989, she testified in mitigation for …
BiographyHumphrey Phakade “Pax” Magwaza
… came to power in 1948, adopted increasingly oppressive laws to strengthen their apartheid policies. From the early …
BiographyMary Dorothy Benson
… and 155 others charged with treason for opposing apartheid laws. This allowed her to meet many of apartheid’s opponents …
BiographyMoses Ndlovu
Moses Ndlovu was born in KwaSemane which is in the Otto Bluff area near Pietermaritzburg, Natal. His parents were farm tenants. Ndlovu attended primary school…
BiographyAudrey ‘Bobbie’ Cobden
Audrey ‘Bobbie’ (her childhood nickname) Cobden was born in Johannesburg, Transvaal Province (now Gauteng) on 15 April 1923. She grew up in Johannesburg and…
BiographyBabette Brown
A tireless advocate for justice and equality in South Africa, the United Kingdom (UK), and all over the world, Babette Brown was born in 1931 in Johannesburg,…