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The Freedom struggle: Political mobilisation in Port Elizabeth
… The Eastern Cape is regarded by many as the cradle of Black resistance against White oppression. After the defeat … organisations. The first was the…
ArticleA history of Apartheid in South Africa
… of people according to whether they were white, coloured, black, Indian or Asian. People would then be treated … Only a small percentage of South Africa was…
ArticleA History of South African Literature, timeline 1824-2005
… in 1824. 1877 The first biography ever written about a black South African was published. It was written by John A. … It has been criticised for its silence…
ArticleThe Conflict between the AZAPO and the UDF - popular violence in the 1980s and 1990s
… 1984 to 1993. At its inception in 1979 AZAPO adopted the Black Consciousness (BC) philosophy of the Black People’s Convention (BPC). In the first four years…
ArticleYouth and the National Liberation Struggle
… campaigns in response to measures and laws affecting Black people. In the 1920s, the Communist Party of South … current education system was too liberal and…
Article1976-1983: Mass Democratic movements
Introduction
ArticleMass Democratic movements, 1976-1983
… for liberation. The death of Steve Biko , leader of the Black Consciousness Movement , at the hands of the police on 18 … education'. They were actively…
Article16 June 1976 - Soweto Uprising
… of the Bantu Education Act in 1953. The rise of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) and the formation of South … compulsory as a medium of instruction in…
Biography of Mandla Langa by Carol Sale
… of Fort Hare in 1972. [i] He was well educated for a Black South African of the time with the having a very … It was well-known for its rejection of the idea…
Re-emergence of resistance, 1980-89
… in August 1983, this pre-eminence was sealed, and the Black Consciousness organisations began to wane. The strength of … adopted the Freedom Charter,…
Abdullah Ibrahim and the Politics of Jazz in South Africa
… will trace its function in the political struggle waged by Black and Colored musicians against the apartheid regime, … break down the color bar. Indeed the…
The Colonial Photographic Discourse and Censorship – Challenges for Resistance Photographers
… South African daily] routinely avoided using pictures of black people unless they were rioting and which did not print … Africa's racist history was how to…
ArticleUniversity Christian Movement (UCM)
… Stutterheim in July 1968, 60 percent of the delegates were black. In retrospect, the significance of the UCM, which … degenerating into a segregated…
ArticleThe Tricameral Parliament, 1983-1984
… to apparently broaden political representation excluded Black Africans – far from being a movement towards a more … the UDF began to focus on the planned…
ArticleTransvaal Indian Congress (TIC)
… some activists in the Indian community were involved in Black Consciousness organizations and others associated themselves … limited powers and the same …
ArticleHistory of Women’s Struggle in South Africa
… So too are their organizational skills and their community-consciousness – they were tired of staying at home, powerless … significant for thee role played…
General South African History Timeline: 1970s
… Act (National States Citizenship Act) No 26: Required all black persons to become citizens of a self-governing … authority. As Minister Connie Mulder stated:…
ArticleTutu and his role in the Truth & Reconciliation Commission
… government committed serious atrocities against the Black majority. A number of brutal measures were adopted by … Congress (ANC), Pan-Africanist Congress …
ArticleSouth African Youth Congress (SAYCO)
… of the ANC. In the Eastern Cape, opposition to the new Black Local Authorities and proposed rent increases resulted in the revival of the Port Elizabeth…
ArticleStaffrider magazine (1978-1993)
… its name and identity from township slang referring to black youth who travelled either sitting on the roof or … travelling to work and back-that is…
ArticleSouth Africa in the 1970s
… 27,000 inside a year, figures which give an indication of black workers’ mood. In February 1973 mass strikes erupted … the concept of unfair labour practices…
The Mass Democratic Movement, February 1988 - January 1990
… homelands, would be held on the same day. This meant that black and white would be voting on the same day, although in … that through the elections it would…
Documentary Photography and Awakening the International Community, 1976-1994
… the control of the white authorities into the hands of the black activists. [3] As a result of the public relations … censors would not think to go and by…
University of York Student Submissions 2015
… Project: ‘Where Do Whites Fit in?’: The portrayal of Black Consciousness and its effects on white liberals in Burger’s …
ArticleHeritage day, Braai Day or Shaka Day: Whose Heritage is it Anyway?
… (article) Race and ethnicity in South Africa (article) Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) (article) Pan-Africanism …
ArticleRobert Mcbride timeline
… to the politics of the regenerating trade union movement, Black Consciousness (including the writing of Steve Biko ) and the … local gym opposite the police…
ArticleCongress of South African Students (COSAS)
… as a national organization to represent the interests of Black school students in the wake of the Soweto uprisings . … Student Movement (SASM) and other…
Women at the start of the 20th century
… So too are their organizational skills and their community-consciousness - they were tired of staying at home, powerless … significant for thee role played…
Women’s Food Committees in Cape Town during the 1940s
… the distribution of food, these women went on to tackle black marketeers who were accumulating food and selling it at … Durban. According to Sarah Carneson ,…
Polokwane the Segregated city
… the conflict between Afrikaner and English recede as the Black-White relation more and more took centre stage in … of 1931, now tightened the restrictions on…