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… realized in South Africa's interim Constitution. In the 1961 election only Helen Suzman kept her seat in Parliament …

… struggle. At an ANC Working Committee meeting in June 1961 Mandela presented a proposal for a military wing for discussion. On 16 December 1961 uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) (Spear of the Nation) the … to die in detention under the 90 day detention law.   In 1961 another organization known as the Yu Chi Chan Club or …

… Soccer Federation, which opposed apartheid in sport. From 1961 to 1966 the anti-racist South African Soccer League … of the apartheid regime. Isolated from world football from 1961 to 1992 (with a one-year reprieve in 1963), South Africa …

… It highlights our best and brightest. What do 10 December 1961 , 1984 and 1993 have in common? 1961 - Albert Luthuli received the Nobel Peace Prize. 1984 - …

… negotiations with the apartheid government. In December 1961 the ANC’s military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) was … arrested, charged and given long-term prison sentences. In 1961 the NEUM, of which SOYA was an affiliate, underwent a …

… while others skipped the country and went to exile. In 1961 the PAC launched its armed wing Poqo , later renamed the …

… parties launched military wings of their organisations in 1961. …

… June 1950 against the banning of the SACP. On May Day in 1961, the SACP disseminated a pamphlet highlighting the … “African, Indian, coloured and white” at the end of May 1961. [10] Figure 2: Source: Digital Innovation South Africa … (2017). [10] Jstor Primary Sources, Pamphlets, “May Day 1961”, South African Communist Party, 1 May 1961 (also …

… gains independence, becoming Republic of Congo January 17, 1961 Patrice Lumumba is executed by forces from Katanga … socialism Gained independence from Britain on 09/12/1961. Source:   … Tanzanian leaders since gaining independence on 9 December 1961 Date Leader Party 09/12/1961–09/12/1962 Richard Gordon …

… whether South Africa would become a Republic. On 31 May 1961 South Africa was declared a Republic and the government … and individual fundamental rights. On 25 March 1961 the All-in Conference met and called for the negotiation … be called by the Union government not later than 31 May 1961; that the convention shall have sovereign powers to …

… Eastern Tanganyika), a position he holds for eight years. 1961 Father Huddleston becomes the Vice-President of the AAM, …

… and Mandela is among thousands detained The ANC is banned 1961 Mandela goes underground 1962 He leaves the country for …

… [Accessed October 26, 2016]. Ingalls, L. 1961. African Musical Sets London Trip. New York Times, 5 … Musical Sets London Trip,” New York Times, Jan. 5, 1961. ↵ [3] Albert Goldman, “Has Soul Been Sold Out?” New … Musical Sets London Trip,” New York Times, Jan. 5, 1961. ↵ [6] Leonard Feather, “African Singer on Manne-Hole …

… the Union of South Africa”. Following their bannings, in 1961 the PAC and ANC launched their armed wings, Poqo and MK … the armed struggle. In the MK manifesto of December 1961, the ANC made reference to the State of Emergency as …

… Passing of the Law for the Advancement of Self-Government 1961 Declaration of the Republic of South Africa. Declaration …

… brought to trial. (House of Assembly Debates, 27 January 1961, C. 226) The government suppressed the revolt by …

… and many of those who did teach were underqualified. In 1961, only 10 per cent of black teachers held a matriculation …

… Resha . 7 October, Bram closes the case for the defence. 1961 Bram is appointed Johannesburg Bar Council chairman. …

… from Britain and pulling out of the Commonwealth in 1961. The liberation movement and exile  These political … armed wing of the ANC uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) was formed in 1961 jointly by the ANC and SACP to spearhead the armed … pressure to relinquish control of its African colonies. In 1961 a new constitution which provided for an advisory …

… a republic. A majority voted in support of him. In March 1961 Verwoerd attended the Commonwealth conference in London … to establish a republic had already been tabled in January 1961. On 31 May 1961 the Republic of South Africa (RSA) came into being. In …

… to a welcome party of 400 at Jan Smuts Airport. 1956 - 1961 Bram Fischer helps defend the leaders of the … and engage in discussions with the Chinese Communists. 1961 Ronnie Kasrils and Chris Hani join the SACP. 29 March …

… Witwatersrand remained stagnant at 15 000 between 1956 and 1961. The Rand committee was affected by the treason trial … 20, 000 with 19 to 53, 000 with 51 unions between 1956 and 1961. Between 1957 and 1960 SACTU organised major workers' …

… health, Chief Luthuli did not deliver this statement.   1961 March 15, Prime Minister H.F. Verwoerd withdraws South … He is the first African to win the prize. 21 October 1961, Chief Luthuli`s speech at a ceremony where he was … and fighter for peace,' to whom the Nobel Peace Prize for 1961 was awarded. At the conclusion of his address, Chief …

… in February and November 1957, one in 1960 and another in 1961. This was an indication that the town had become a … African Congress of Trade Unions. The last one was in 1961 and was a response to the dismissal of workers by the … faced a strike that was caused by fare increases in May 1961. Conclusion Popular struggles in the early period of …

… the ANC and SACP jointly formed uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961, and most of Sactu’s leaders, who were also members of …

… and eventually dividing the accused into two groups. In 1961 the last remaining 30 were found not guilty. The Treason …

… 1960 in Tunisia followed by another one in Egypt in March 1961. As more African countries became independent, the need …