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1990s: Women in the pre-election period
Poqo political trials and the execution of its operatives in the 1960s
Mass mobilization of the 1950s culminated in the Sharpeville massacre on 21 March 1960. Soon thereafter the apartheid government banned the African National…
ArticleContemporary issues: Women’s struggle, 1900-1994
A tumultuous history has left women in present day South Africa with a number of challenges to overcome. Most obstacles to the development of women can be…
ArticleCommunism in Russia 1900 to 1940
How was communism applied in Russia under Lenin and Stalin? Background and Focus In this topic, as well as the next, the rise of the two economic systems…
ArticleTimeline of Land Dispossession and Segregation in South Africa 1900-1947
… By the 1900s African people had been dispossessed of their land and …
ArticleWomen, employment and the changing economic scene, 1920s
In the 1920s, with the First World War (1914-1918) over, the pattern of female employment began to change. The war and the protectionist policy of the Pact…
ArticleSouth African major mass killings timeline 1900-2012
Between the 20th and 21st century, a number of people lost their lives in South Africa amid liberation struggle. However, some of these events were carried out…
ArticlePoqo in the Western Cape and Transkei in the early 1960s
The formation of the Pan Africanist Congress’ (PAC) Africanist Task Force (ATF) preceded the formation of party’s military wing Poqo in February 1960. After…
Why did so few Black South Africans make films before the 1990s?
There are less than a handful of black directors who made films before the 1990s. The reasons for this are the same reasons that kept black people out of other…
ArticleGrade 12 - How SA emerged as a democracy from the crises of the 1990s
During the 1980s, the apartheid government came under increasing internal pressure. The National Party attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by…
ArticleTrade unionism blossoms and women become more assertive, 1930s
ArticleANC and the early development of apartheid 1948-1950s
In 1948 the Nationalist Party (NP) won the election, and began to introduce the policy of apartheid. The African National Congress (ANC) reacted immediately to…
Organisations involved in the Women’s struggle, 1900-1994
ArticleFrom Union to South African Republic 1900-1976
ArticleNelson Mandela Awards 1960s - 2000s
Awards 1960s 1964 Elected Honorary President of the Students' Union, University College, London. 1965 Elected Honorary President of the Students'…
Women’s Food Committees in Cape Town during the 1940s
The political importance of women’s food committees in Cape Town during the 1940s has been emphasised by both Cheryl Walker and Tom Lodge. According to Lodge,…
ArticleThe banning of the South African Students Organisation (SASO) and student politics in the 1980s
In September and October 1977, the apartheid government stiffened its resolve to end the nationwide student unrest that broke out in Soweto in June 1976…
ArticleGrade 12 - The impact of the Cold War in forming the world as it was in the 1960s
The Cold War was the period of conflict and competition between the capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union, and their respective allies. From…
ArticleA change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s
With no discernable change in government policies, some members of the African National Congress (ANC) began to move away from peaceful protest. The ANC…
Rejuvenation of the ANC and intensification of the struggle 1940s
In 1940, Alfred Xuma was elected the new president of the African National Congress (ANC), and a period of greater action was introduced. Xuma was still…
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1990s
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1980s
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1970s
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1960s
Black Concentration Camps during the Anglo-Boer War 2, 1900-1902
While the two main forces in the Anglo-Boer War 2 were White, it was not an exclusively White war. At least 15 000 Blacks were used as combatants by the…
ArticleThe development of Music in South Africa timeline 1600-2004
… the hymn Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika (God Bless Africa) Early 1900s In the early 20th century, governmental restrictions on …
Growing social unrest: Community mobilisation, strikes and student protests in the Western Cape in the 1980s
The late 1970s witnessed increased labour unrest in the region of the Western Cape. For instance, the Fattis and Monis strike and boycott, Saldanha Bay fish…
ArticleSettler Colonialism and Afrikaner Nationalism
… Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902 South Africa in the 1900s (1900-1917) Colonial conquest and resistance, Pre 1900 …
Conference Programme: The Durban Moment - Revisiting Politics, Labour, Youth and Resistance in the 1970s
ArticleTimeline of State Action Against the Press in the 1960s
1960 Mar- Norman Phillips of the Toronto Star was detained 3 and '/2 days for trying to cable a story about a police attack on Nyanga, Cape Town. The report…