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… on the strike, none has brought so much heat and emotion as the stress and em­phasis we put on non-violence. Our most … of Congress and the Congress leadership. Viewing apartheid as an "irrationality" which the ruling class could be … drop in favour of democracy - not seeing the racist system as part and parcel of the structure of  capitalism  - …

… at least strong bases in many townships. But, as one such activist reflected later: "What was disquieting … was carried out in Alexandra township itself, but taken as a whole the urban scene was not encouraging. Within the … Congress leadership, because it interprets the struggle as one for democracy and therefore a political struggle, …

… honour the memory of Dr Richard Rive, scholar and writer (as well as friend). Richard Rive was brutally killed in 1989; his … Richard Rive who had been appointed to Harvard University as Visiting Professor in the Department of English and …

… I have had to occupy the highest office in the land as a consequence of the unique circumstance arising out of … new – and the steady hand of our public sector managers. As we look back over the past fifteen years, I wish to … can pose more questions than there are currently answers. As a consequence, some of us may be mesmerised by the …

… poor lines of communication into and out of South Africa, as well as between ANC machineries in different countries, meant that … did, indeed, increase considerably between 1976 and 1986, as Chart One (on page 461) shows. But, as Chart Two …

… poor lines of communication into and out of South Africa, as well as between ANC machineries in different countries, meant that … did, indeed, increase considerably between 1976 and 1986, as Chart One (on page 461) shows. But, as Chart Two …

… Town in 1903 with Hisham Neamatollah [Ni'matullah] Effendi as Chairman and Imam Abdurahman Kassiem Gamieldin as Secretary. The Association was formed to work in the … shall have much opposition from many of the Moslems, who as a section, will not understand what progress is. Their …

… and economic power to the democratic majority. Each year, as our forces advance on the enemy, this, our cherished goal, … we proclaimed the year of the 70th anniversary of the ANC as the Year of Unity in Action. Drawing on the historic … the situation in which the millions of our people can move as one, behind a united leadership and in pursuit of commonly …

… and economic power to the democratic majority. Each year, as our cherished goal, becomes clearer and nearer. This time, … proclaimed the year of the 70th anniversary of the ANC as the "Year of Unity in Action." Drawing on the historic … the situation in which the millions of our people can move as one, behind a united leadership and in pursuit of …

… gates of the old synagogue. We heard shouts of greeting as we were driven in and knew that friends were gathered … what our conditions would be for the next nineteen days. As we climbed out, Lilian burst out bitterly, "You are better … to each other across the tops of our cell walls. It was as Lilian had said: my pink skin brought me a bed, sheets, …

… of a joint statement by the two bodies, bearing such names as Doctors Naicker, Dadoo and Xuma, Messrs. A. W. Champion, … this observation when they gave white instigation as the most common single cause of the riots.1 Durban of this … A local United Party pamphlet described the Indians as "unassimilable and distasteful to all races in South …

… we had strong arms That our blood was so red It felt as if all we needed was two arms To get across)   Aisa na hua … Insurrection They come with lathis and bayonets of silk as the sun beats down its rays all worn a one and a two, a … catching like bushfire they plucked strings and we danced as night dissolved our tensions in its discourse and in the …

… in favour of sunshine news that projects South Africa as a haven and the ruling ANC as the beginning and the end. Motsoeneng believes that … and attitudes not only projected liberation movements as terrorist groups, they also silenced critical voices in …

… used by the Milner brothers, Henry, Philip and Thomas, as a weekend hunting lodge. The house became known to the people of Durban as the Elephant House after surviving numerous attacks from … dark blue castor oil bottles, green gin bottles known as Genever, an old ink well and an ivory toothed comb. A …

… proportional representation, the NP's proposal was unclear as to what the 'bill of rights' would contain, the freedom … Ministers by consensus which the ANC was opposed to as it went against the spirit of democratic process. The ANC … make the country "wholly ungovernable". Other parties such as the Democratic Party and Inkatha Freedom Party supported …

… it was known by many names, most commonly referred to as "Town". This is as opposed to going to West Street, which was seen as the "White section" of the city centre. While the Area was …

… nature, leading to the slave revolt of 1791, also known as the Haitian Revolution. Haiti emerged as an independent republic in 1804, but faced a number of … A dictatorship led by Dr. FranÁƒÂƒÂ§ois Duvalier (known as Pappa Doc) resulted an oppressive and corrupt regime, …

… Following the election of Nelson Mandela as president of the government of National Unity, the United … that he expected South Africa to double arms exports as a result and to gain 25,000 jobs in the arms industry. … had been returned to South Africa. Armscor admitted that, as long as an end-user certificate was provided, it made …

… (national service) was increased from 9 months to 1 year, as well as 19 days of service annually for 5 years as part of the Citizen Force. By the middle of 1974, control …

… Born on 18 July 1918, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is hailed as the greatest icon of South Africa’s liberation struggle. … and appeals for Mandela’s release throughout South Africa as well as the international community. During his imprisonment, …

… foster the philosophy of Black Consciousness. Envisaged as a broad-based counterpart to the South African Students' Organisation (SASO), the BPC was established as a national coordinating body to engage and mobilise … At the December Congress, Winnie Kgware was elected as the BPC's first president.  The main theme of the Congress …

… As the Great Depression set in, many countries (including … remarkably well. Many historians have argued that as a result of this, the Johannesburg Municipality was able … decade. The municipality's earlier attempts were thwarted as the residents could not be removed from the slums until …

… Moloto, linguist, educationist and teacher who served as chairman of both the Tswana Language Committee of South … the Potchefstroom circuit in 1957. In I960 he was seconded as lecturer in Tswana, Southern and Northern Sotho to the … In 1961 he returned to the Potchefstroom circuit as sub-inspector and later inspector of schools. In the …

… at a young age, he left for South Africa in 1842 to work as a portrait artist. Baines was first employed as a painter for a cabinet maker, and then as a marine and portrait painter. In 1848, he moved to the …

… going vessels, who held manoeuvrability and sturdiness as their foremost concerns, the Portuguese were more focussed … from the East. The crews of these two ships were concerned as the Sao Bento, as well as the Sao Joao, were in a poor condition, … Bento: A Historical Archaeological Perspective completed as part of a MA (cultural history) (online), available at: …

… Boers defeated the British at Majuba Hill. Sources differ as to the exact amount of casualties, but approximately 200 … status, and continued to regard the Boer commandos as inferior adversaries. The British therefore regarded the Majuba Hill disaster as a 'freak' victory, and vowed retribution. The Transvaal …

… issues, all SANSCO's collective actions should be treated as, ultimately, 'political' activities of different forms. … the imposition of various controls on student activities. As a result, throughout the 1981 to 1986 period SANSCO … for SRCs also spread to teacher-training colleges as SANSCO began to target these institutions for …

… the Republic is black, gold, green, white, red and blue, as described and sketched in Schedule 1. Languages The … the balance of the needs and preferences of the population as a whole or in the province concerned; but the national …

… a demand that landownership be registered, which was seen as both upsetting existing communal ownership patterns and … work elsewhere in the eastern Cape, his results were never as spectacular. By 1937, his following had dwindled to a few …