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… into the subject, and to provide a broad perspective on the evolution of apartheid repression as it appeared in … has empowered itself by means of legislation placed by it on the statute books of the South African parliament. … even wider and more unbridled powers, capable of use on a mass scale. Partial SOEs have been declared in 1960 and …

… Republic, Boshoff still managed to place state affairs on a strong foothold and made the administration more … The Free State Hotel, were laid out opposite the market on the eastern side, next to the government offices. Three … diamonds between 1867 and 1871, and the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886 led to a general boom in trade …

… employers allowing them to leave the farms they worked on. The arrival of Christian missionaries brought about … Ordinance 50 was published in 1828 placing the Khoikhoi on equal footing with their White employers and freeing them … areas. They were housed in locations with few facilities on the outskirts of towns, away from White areas and were not …

… In the 1490s sugar plantations were established on the islands of São Tomé and Principé. The Portuguese settlers on these islands used slaves bought from the Kongo traders to work on these plantations. Very soon São Tomé became the largest …

… Africa in 1960, she used her success to shine a light on the ugly truths of apartheid government. She utilised her … was born in the township of Prospect, near Johannesburg, on 4 March 1932. Her mother was a Swazi sangoma – a … singing in her church choir. Her music career was put on pause when she discovered she was pregnant; she married …

… resumed its work. A. I. Kajee and S.R. Naidoo had resigned on 7 December 1944, after Smuts had declared the Pretoria … communal franchise. Smuts ignored the recommendations, and on 15 March introduced the Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian … with this. The other section conferred communal franchise on Indian men. Under the first section, two kinds of areas …

… India Company fleet of England , rounds the Cape again on his way to the East. 1602 20 March , The Vereenigde … his followers to Robben Island . There the group remain, on and off, for the next eight years, protected from their … Matthijs Proot are required to write a feasibility report on the establishment of a refreshment station at the Cape. …

…  led government. 2002 30 October, Just after midnight on 30 October 2002 eight bomb blasts rocked Soweto. Seven of the blasts occurred on main commuter railway lines running through the township. … the bombs which killed a woman and injured her husband on 30 October. November,  Arrest of 26 men alleged to be …

… otherwise known as apartheid, had life altering impacts on all South Africans of color. With most of the country’s … Africans for centuries, long before Europeans stepped foot on the continent. By the time apartheid had reached its most restrictive form, music had taken on a new role for the persecuted South Africans. Freedom …

… But responsibility for the slave trade is not simple. On the one hand, it was indeed the Europeans who purchased … and sent them far away to work in their colonies. On the other hand, Africans bear some responsibility … to sell other Africans into slavery. The Europeans relied on African merchants, soldiers and rulers to get slaves for …

… other liberation organisation's prior to 1959 as well as on ideological grounds, a group of disenchanted ANC members, … conference was held in April 1959 in Johannesburg. First on the PAC's agenda was a series of nationwide demonstrations … at Sharpeville near Johannesburg and Langa in the Cape on 21 March 1960 marked an important turning point in South …

… as to whether or not they should join the war, and if so, on whose side they should fight. Although South Africa was … neutral in World War Two, while Smuts wanted to fight on the side of the Allies. Hertzog resigned as Prime Minister … was succeeded by Smuts. South Africa then joined the war on the Allies' side, and fought major battles in North …

… the conditions. As a result, she is arrested and charged on a number of occasions. 16 October, Alfred Nzo submits a letter, on behalf of the ANC, to the United Nations which condemns … Party (PP). 4 October, The ANC issues a press statement on the idea of a National Convention. While ANC does not …

… period of solitary confinement they were formally charged on 16 June 1971 with conspiracy to overthrow the state, … of Journalists (OIJ) awarded him a gold pin in 1971 on its 25th anniversary 'to recognise the services rendered … Monty Naicker gave his first press conference in a decade on 1 May. 11 May, A thousand people packed the Tamil Vedic …

… of imperialism and republicanism, the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, tension between political leaders, the … block for the British Empire. The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand Gold had been mined since the early 1870s but was discovered on the Witwatersrand, in the Transvaal, in 1886. Thousands of …

… We left them last June, despite differences of opinions, on the best of intimate terms, but in our absence they have … here (he hadjust retumed to C.T. when we landed) he was on bad terms with several, so one can't be sure he would be a … the rest of the family, & the home, is also a problem. On the boat I wrote a pamphlet on Imperialism & S Africa of …

… Rumours had it that the Insurrections Ensemble was working on a piece loosely based on Aime Cesaire’s version of the Tempest for 2015.  It has … than its parts because its parts were and are enormous. On Friday the 25th of September we were treated to the …

… Elsie Francina Steyn 1835 Paul Kruger's father situated on the Caledon river 1836 The Krugers become Voortrekkers, … to the Cape to campaign for support and to put pressure on Cape Afrikaner parliamentarians to reject the Cape draft … was called to Paardekraal, south-west of Pretoria, on the advice of Paul Kruger. Here the government of the …

… a herrenvolk (‘master race’). APDUSA referred to a report on the conditions of native Angolans under Portuguese … by the apartheid government was poised to launch an attack on black people’s rights in the same way the Portuguese … (CAD) political formations.   It appealed for a rethink on relations with the United Party (UP ), the Liberal Party …

… for the working class dates back to the 1800s. On 7 October 1884, the Federation of Organized Trades and … by the said date. Since then May Day has been celebrated on 01 May annually. The first recorded celebration of May Day … pro-war, and at a special conference in Johannesburg held on 22 August 1914, Creswell’s position in support of the war …

… died in a road accident in the 1990s. The Committee on South African War Resistance (COSAWR) was founded by … with European anti-apartheid movements to impose sanctions on the apartheid regime. COSAWR carried out extensive research on the South African military and debriefed ex-soldiers, …

… ANC Youth League, Communist Party and Transvaal Council on Non-European Trade Unions 21 May, ANC national executive … decides to call a national one-day stay at home protest on 26 June 20 June,  Communist Party of South Africa is … all the main anti-apartheid groups) is chaired by Moroka on the day that Seme is buried August, The Joint Planning …

… Please read the article and send us your comments on this debate. We will be posting all of your comments on our blog. Pledging to Debate History The pledge proposed … policies there has been very little critical engagement on the benefit of the Values in Education program within the …

… prepare for the launch of a national student organisation. On 23 November the new structure, AZASO was established by … others. The 1980s decade saw a wave of schools boycott. On 28 May 1980 the schools boycott spread to the Black … called in. At Elsies River, near Cape Town , police fired on Coloured children, killing two and wounding three. During …

… in the back of a police van, to Pretoria. He died there on 12 September 1977. Biko's funeral was the first big … and began to smash windows and sjambok [whip] people on the bus. Police officers also fired teargas canisters into … 1982 seeking another inquiry. However, this was rejected on the grounds that no new evidence had come to light. Biko’s …

… symbol of the state is the Coat of arms. It is stamped on several of important documents which include: your birth … school and marriage certificates. It can be seen on one side of the coins in our country. When it is stamped on important documents, it shows The State’s authority and …

… The African Students Association (ASA) was established on 17 December 1961 in Durban under the auspices of the … of ASA was the Sharpeville massacre which happened on 21 March, 1960. On this day the PAC staged an anti-pass demonstration outside …

… at the Bantu administration. 27 June, Further arson occurs on Langa Post Office and Zimosa school. 2 August, UWC … with the students of Soweto and decide to embark on a boycott of classes. 6 August, The Hewat Training College … 25 - 30 people are arrested. The determined crowd goes on to successfully demand the release of the detainees from …

… years since Yusuf Dadoo was born in Krugersdorp, West Rand on 5 September. Today, he like many activists of the South … history of the liberation movement, updating its material on Yusuf Dadoo. SAHO is committed to critically engaging with … the era of globalization. It is especially opportune then on this the 100th anniversary of Dadoo’s birth to critically …

… to the PDL. 1973 Early January – 1,200 night watchmen go on strike, demanding a wage increase of R10 per month. 8 … increase of R2 a week but management rejects the demand on the grounds that workers were being paid R2 more than the … increases. 22 -24 January - Long distance truck drivers go on strike demanding R40 a week, and 250 of them are dismissed …