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… Welcarmes, in Stellenbosch 1969 Teaches for six months as a temporary lecturer at the University of Stellenbosch 1969 Teaches for six months as a temporary lecturer at Rhodes University 1970 Makes … leaders, among whom is Steve Biko 1970 Appointed as lecturer in Political Science at the University of Natal …

… between the government and the ANC gathered pace. As part of that process, the ANC, PAC and other parties were … votes and became the ruling party. Nelson Mandela served as the first democratically elected black president of South Africa. He served as president of the country for five years and retired, …

… School, Bloemfontein in 2005. From 2006 he worked as Exhibition Officer at Oliewenhuis Art Museum, … relocating to Cape Town. In 2008 George started working as freelance photographer, graphic designer and photographic …

… the march that the police fired on and came to be known as the famous Soweto Revolt of June 16. The SSRC had … students to protest the introduction of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in black schools. Tsietsi …

… only of the capitalists, but of government and the laws as well.... Strikes, therefore, teach the workers to unite; … African workers were first incorporated into the economy as a cheap labour force they have waged industrial strikes … between the African and Coloured workers was a key factor throughout the four-week strike. All members of the …

… was to offer a free and open platform to any form of dance as long as it was a new contemporary work. The first edition of the … requesting feedback on all aspects of the Umbrella.    As a result, it was decided to make changes to the 1996 DU. …

… it possible for the Natal Colony to introduce Indians as indentured labour, with labourers having the option to … immigrants. 25 November, Colonel Price-Lloyd is appointed as the first Protector of Indian Immigrants.  He begins to … Amod, a Memon trader from Porbander establishes himself as the first ‘Arab’ trader in Natal, operating a store in …

… in power in Russia since the late 1400s. This became known as the February Revolution, but according to the Gregorian … very poor. But it was the former who were most organised as a political force, since they worked together in large … Most revolutionary parties boycotted the elections as they were not interested in partaking in a “constitutional …

… guarantees equality for gay and lesbian people. Just as this section specifically mentions race and ethnicity in … or give sexual gratification". A "party" was defined as "any occasion where more than two persons are present". … are protected by the inclusion of sexual orientation as one of the listed grounds on which unfair discrimination …

… Free State (OFS) that could begin to function in 1901, as he expected the war to be over by then. The police force … OFS, but would not be responsible for everyday policing, as they would be taking part in the conflict. At the … first group would function normally under the Police Act, as police officers, and in war they would be conscripted …

… destruction of Sophiatown is widely documented, considered as the Nationalist Party (NP) government's model for its … over the JCC in its endeavour to destroy Sophiatown. As with the destruction of inner city slumyards and … Native Resettlement Board (NRB), a statutory body acting as a local authority for the Western Areas. The NRB replaced …

… the back way, behind a grey police car and three Saracens. As we drove through the fringes of the township many people … seemed to be afraid”¦There were crowds in the streets as we approached the police station. There were plenty of … save him from the bullets. Some of the children, hardly as tall as the grass, were leaping like rabbits. Some were …

… As Africa was largely unexplored by Europeans for many … litter these maps. For Europeans Africa could be seen as the unknown, the unfathomable and ultimately the … German cartographer Johann Baptiste Homann (“Homann Heirs” as the map publishing firm was known) beginning in the 1730s. …

… by the Zulu’s superior strategy and discipline. 1821 As he had done with Zwide of the Ndwandwe Mzilikazi of the … Ngwane move out of the Highveld and into Thembu territory as a result of an attack from Dingane and the Zulu, which had … conquer the Ndebele and achieved relative success as they capture large herds of cattle. They are surprised by …

… areas. In 1890, Rhodes sent a group of settlers, known as the Pioneer Column, into Mashonaland and when they reached … Ndebele raiding party attacked the Mashonas, massacring as many as 400 before the eyes of horrified White residents. With the …

… are now trying to lay down a policy of keeping them apart as much as possible in our institutions. In land ownership, … of the Chiefs in those areas designated “Native Reserves” as the representatives of the people. Secondly the state in …

… residence rights. In 1984 Johnson Ngxobongwana was elected as chairman of the WCCA in recognition for his role in … Between May and June 1986 the vigilante known as the witdoeks demolished 7000 squatter camps in KTC and … to stand up against the state. Leading figures such as Rayi Nomveli Madikwa were instrumental to the defiance …

… a formal border. A frontier can lie on a boundary, such as a river or a mountain range. The main difference between a … and northwards, in search of land to live and farm on. As they moved, the Cape frontier moved too. As they moved into the southern African interior, these Dutch …

… stadium 'Curries Fountain'.   1920s-1950s Curries was used as a general sporting facility for indians. As suggested above it appears that Curries was at one time … was for sports matches, however the stadium was also used as a venue for protest or organizing (since 1913). In the …

… 1914 Death of Nokukhanya’s mother, Nozincwadi, (also known as MaNgidi) 1920 Began a teacher’s course at Adams Collage  … opened in the Luthuli home  1952 Albert Luthuli elected as president-general of the ANC and stripped of his …

… adaptive to fire, patterns of seed dispersal by insects, as well as patterns of endemism and adaptive radiation found in the …

… and 19th centuries. This was the period that became known as the ‘mfecane’. This topic includes research that helps us … transformation occurred at this time. Shaka was regarded as being the major cause of conflict during this period. …

… nutritional food. It fell to AMWU to organise the workers as best they could to mount a challenge to the cheap labour … confronted by companies who were loath to recognise them as humans, and who considered black workers as too backward to belong to trade unions. Miners found to …

… between 1497 and 1502. This feature focuses on the first, as it was during this expedition that Vasco da Gama's crew … in inverted commas is because the land was not, as so many explorers argue, discovered by them. The land was … why groups often state their arrival on some foreign land as a "discovery" is because, according to the primitive …

… former Prime Minister William Scheiner failed in its aims as White supremacy was entrenched under a unitary state. On 8 … most significant in the history of Black protest politics as it was the first joint meeting of Black representatives … Africa, its formation marked a clear break from the past as the focus of Black politics previously centered on …

… on strikes when disputes with their employers arise. As often in industrial actions, the conflict primarily … of workers were from major platinum producers such as Impala Platinum, Anglo American Platinum and Lonmin … These mines lost about 40 percent of platinum production as a result of the strike and subsequent shutdown that …

… , After passing her exams, Cecilia Makiwane is registered as a nurse and becomes the first Black professional nurse in … (SANNC) is formed under the leadership of Charlotte Maxeke as result of the introduction of Pass laws. A delegation is … in the rural areas occurs in Hershel. Boycott of stores as a result of price hikes, using passive resistance tactics …

… 1940s, notably the strike of African mineworkers in 1946. As we shall see, women workers of all races, now a permanent … the trade unions the names of militant working women such as Frances Baard , Lilian Ngoyi and Bertha Mashaba began to … now hardened into the birth of the apartheid regime and as the 1940s gave way to the 1950s the government began to …

… evidence in East Africa has also cast light on our history as human beings. Before we look at the Hominid discoveries in … of the concept of evolution and its theories, as well as archeology. What is evolution? Evolution refers to the …