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… Company's service and become Free Burghers (independent farmers). In 1688 a group of French Protestants, striving for … group was formed which identified itself completely with African soil. As early as 1707, Hendrik Biebouw (Bibault) … traditionally celebrated annually even before the South African War (Anglo-Boer War). The centenary of the Great Trek …

… in the Nelspruit area in the early 17th century. Other African farmers lived below the escarpment some 1000 years earlier. … Huffman, T.N. 1998. The antiquity of lobola . South African Archaeological Bulletin 53: 57-62. Maggs, T.M. 1995. …

… segregationist legislation dating back to 1856, view South African History Online’s timeline on segregationist … became more and more discriminatory toward them. See South African History Online’s Timeline of Anti-Indian legislation … legislation in 1880 and 1908. Driven by White farmers to fulfil needs for cheap labour, they successfully …

… children for distribution as apprentices among the farmers. But Bhacaland was deep in the heart of the British … became the Day of the Covenant or the Day of the Vow . African nationalists and the socialist liberation movement's …

… of settlement and influenced the ethnic structure of the African population north of the Vaal. The Mfecane began as a … early as the mid 17th century.   Some 100 years earlier, African farmers in the Fokeng cluster built stonewalled settlements …

… in 1935. Agricultural Adjustment Act 1933 This act paid  farmers   to limit the amount of crops they grew or simply to … Act 1936 The federal government paid subsidies to  farmers   who agreed to leave land fallow or planted crops … farm prices reached their pre-1914 figure to give all  farmers   a guaranteed minimum income. The Agencies Civilian …

… of Stone Age hunter-gatherers populated the South African landscape for nearly two million years, yet for most … give us clues as to the development of the early South African hunter-gatherers and later the San. These consist of … by San hunter-gatherers, but Khoikhoi herders and Iron Age farmers added to the collection. Khoikhoi herders who brought …

… the Cape. The Cape's European merchants, soldiers, and farmers wiped out, drove off, or enslaved the indigenous Khoi … Bantus and Whites. In resisting colonial expansion, Black African rulers founded sizable and powerful kingdoms and … the 11 officially recognised languages, scores of others - African, European, Asian and more - are spoken in South …

… two million years old hominid fossils. Human Origins South African scientists have been actively involved in the study … were in southern Africa when the first Bantu-speaking farmers arrived about 2000 years ago. Pre-colonial Farmers … highest civilian award. Because of its significance to African prehistory in general, the Mapungubwe landscape …

… from the colonies. These changes included taking land from African people and giving it to the growing number of … or crops as was the practice before. Exploitation of African labourers by European employers added to the growing … and Commercial Union expanded to represent black farmers and sharecroppers who had been forced off their …

… Monument, and serves nowadays as a museum for the South African Mission Foundation. Fiscal Dennyson codifies the Cape … apprenticeship to make them 'fit for freedom'. The Cape farmers faced prolonged weather conditions of drought. The … 1836 Start of the Great Trek by 12 000 frontier farmers, who demonstrated their unhappiness about the …

… obligation. The Act had additional elements allowing for farmers to whip tenants, as well as compel farm tenants to … The Representation of Natives Act essentially stripped African people in the Cape of their voting rights and offered … by White-owned land) (Horrell 1978: 203). The South African Development Trust (SADT) was established and could, …

… one of the 11 official languages recognized by the South African Constitution, and in 2006 it was determined that just … Among the most successful of the Xhosa hymns is the South African national anthem, Nkosi Sikele' iAfrika (God Bless … of their followers. The Cape Nguni of long ago were cattle farmers. They took great care of their cattle because they …

… at the Cape had been forced to carry Passes since 1709. Farmers at the Cape ran short of labour during the first … Afrikaansce Republiek Pass laws in the Transvaal, or South African Republic, were intended to force Black people to … be arrested. Passes on the diamond mines The first South African diamond, the Eureka , was found in Hopetown in 1867. …

… boers seeking fresh grazing for their cattle. These cattle farmers had no fixed dwelling place and many led a … bodies. In 1902 Coloureds in Cape Town formed the African People's Organisation to represent the interests of … assumed new urgency with the formation of the  South African Native Affairs Commission  in 1903. That year …

… mechanism for the removal of Blacks from the South African political system under the many laws and policies … particular ethnic group. The Act did not give Blacks South African citizenship or civil and political rights. Blacks had … the Bantustans daily and work in the mines, for White farmers and other industries in the cities. The homelands …

… or Boerejode (plural) is the term used to identify South African Jews who have acculturated themselves to the … [i] . The identity group differentiates itself from South African English Jews in a number of ways; their geographical … and is also said to have been adored by many Afrikaner farmers [xvii] . The South African Jewish population is an …

… unrest on the eastern frontier. The Burgers (mainly Dutch farmers) and the African Population on the frontier were not prepared to … of Adriaan van Jaarsveld and relations between the farmers and authorities deteriorated. In terms of the Treaty …

… culture & society section of the site (Religion). South African History Online, in partnership with Franco Frescura, … and the training given on an ad hoc basis by white farmers to their laborers, were beginning to create a fabric … various accounts provided by travelers into the southern African hinterland during the nineteenth century. As a result …

… of homelands or 'Bantusans' denied Xhosa people South African citizenship and attempted to confine them to the … of their followers. The Xhosa of long ago were cattle farmers. They took great care of their cattle because they … settlers, and these wars dominated 19th century South African History. The first frontier war broke out in 1780 and …

… which put the Eastern Cape at the forefront of pioneering African political organisations. The first was the emergence a class of black African farmers who were landowners. This group of people …

… bankers, officials and blacksmiths. There were also farmers outside the town. They produced food for the growing … as bobotie, bredies and samoosas have become part of South African culture and tradition. Religion of Islam Those slaves … Khoikhoi and Xhosa people originally followed traditional African religions. In time, as a result of the work of …

… into collective and state agriculture. Peasant and wealthy farmers who refused to sell their extra products were heavily taxed. Wealthy farmers responded angrily by destroying their crops and … of private enterprise Private traders and wealthy farmers were progressively taxed until they could no longer …

… an animal or plant? What do BC and AD stand for? Why did African farmers decide to make their home in South Africa? What is …

… the region was settled by numbers of disaffected Dutch farmers from the Cape, who, in 1839 proclaimed it, as well as … access point for trade goods destined for the southern African interior, although this was curtailed for many years …

… more and more Americans spent more than they earned, and farmers faced low prices and heavy debt. The lingering … history. Farm prices fell so drastically that many farmers lost their homes and land. Many went hungry. Faced …

… ") or the political disenchantment of Dutch-speaking farmers on the Eastern Cape frontier with British rule, leading to more than 15 000 of these frontier farmers trekking in groups north-east into the interior of … reports claim that it disappeared in 1900 during the South African Anglo-Boer War. Distraught and temporarily without a …

… and occupied land while dispossessing Khoikhoi, San and African communities in the process. The British in this … claimed were signed by chiefs or leaders of communities. African communities fought to defend and regain their lost … - which before they had either owned or leased from white farmers - confining them to reserves. These reserves were …

… established a formal colony at the Cape in 1806, Dutch farmers had taken control over much of the land in the … century, the British increasingly wanted domination over African societies in southern Africa. By the 1870s an … gain control of Ulundi, the royal Zulu kraal (meaning an African village enclosed by a fence). In January 1879 the …

… moved nearby the Vaal River where they raided cattle from farmers. In 1826 more Ndwandwe escaped Zulu control to join … . In 1836, the Ndebele were defeated by a group of Dutch farmers (or Boers) who left the Cape Colony. Mzilikazi … Gaza kingdom’s significance is largely neglected by South African historians, as the kingdom was predominantly located …