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ArticleSotho (South Sotho or Basotho)
Sotho (South Sotho or Basotho) people are concentrated in the Free State, Gauteng and Eastern Cape Provinces, with small groups in Namibia and Zambia. While…
ArticleDesmond Mpilo Tutu Timeline
19317 October, Desmond Mpilo Tutu is born in Klerksdorp, in the then Transvaal province of South Africa.1961Desmond Tutu is ordained as a minister in the…
ArticleThe Crackdown on the Black Consciousness Movement in 1973
The period after the Sharpeville Massacre and the banning of the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan African Congress (PAC), especially after the…
ArticleInsurrections I: Tracks and Lyrics
1. What Shall We Do Now (Hindustani) Ab tum hi kaho kya karna hai Ab kaise paar utarna hai Ab kaise paar utarna hai (Now tell me what we should do How…
ArticleAbram Fischer Timeline 1908-1975
1908 23 April, Abram (Bram) Fischer is born in Orange Free State to an auspicious family that includes Abraham Fischer, Brams grandfather, who was State…
ArticleSouth African Congress of Trade Unions Timeline 1919-1997
1919 Formation of the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Africa (ICU). 1924 Introduction of Industrial Conciliation Act. 1941 Formation of…
Grade 5 Archive
This archive features classroom material that is no longer required in the curriculum. Provincial histories In this topic we will look at the heritage and…
Eyewitness accounts of the Sharpeville massacre 1960
The day of the Massacre, mourning the dead and getting over the shock of the event © Baileys African History Archive (BAHA) Tom Petrus, author of 'My Life…
ArticleTransvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC)
The Transvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC) was formed in Transvaal (now Gauteng) as the youth wing of the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) in 1945. Its…
ArticleBloemfontein Timeline 1824-2010
1824 The Matabele, underChief Mzilikazi, settle on Thaba Bosiu. 1833 The Baralong under Chief Moroka II settle at what was later known as ThabaNchu. …
Freedom In Our Life Time - Congress Youth League Activities
From the book: Freedom In Our Life Time by Anton Muziwakhe Lembede 6. "congress youth league manifesto," Issued by the Provisional Committee of the Congress…
International Boycott of Apartheid Sport by Mary Corrigall
With special reference to the campaigns in Britain by the Anti-Apartheid Movement Paper prepared for the United Nations Unit on Apartheid in 1971 1 The…
The Court’s position in the justice system
The Constitutional Court is South Africa's highest court on constitutional matters. So its jurisdiction - the scope of its authority to hear cases - is…
Mandela: Message to India
South African History Online Mandela: Message to India 18 June 1994 [On the occasion of an India-South Africa Solidarity Meet to discuss the post…
ArchiveJock Strachan: Artist, guerilla, fighter pilot, bomb maker, fisherman, humourist, writer, hero
Jock Strachan – who died this month aged 94 – prevented a probable second massacre of black demonstrators outside Central Prison in Durban by deliberately…
African and Indian in Durban by Fatima Meer
The following article was written just before the Emergency, having been commissioned by the Editor to commemorate one hundred years of Indian settlement in…
2. Potchefstroom: A Fighting Location
In the mid-1920s African protest escalated throughout the Transvaal countryside. African labour tenants and farm workers, chafing under poor wages and working…
ArchiveA despot’s time to face democracy by Niren Tolsi
Contempt. This is what former president Jacob Zuma apparently felt for democratic South Africa’s foundational document, the Constitution, and the vision and…
ArticleThe Cape Malay
The ‘Cape Malay’ community is rich in culture and religious traditions that have played a major role in shaping the history and diversity of Cape Town. …
ArticleThembisile Chris Hani Timeline 1942 - 2003
1942 28 June, Martin Tembisile, who later becomes known as Chris Hani, is born in the village of Sabalele in Cofimvaba (then named St Marks) region, Transkei…
Statement by Albert Luthuli to the council of the Institute of Race Relations, 19 December 1960
Fifty Years of Union - Political Review My assignment is: "Political Review - Fifty Years of Union." I hope I shall succeed in dealing with the subject with…
The Role of the Missionaries in conquest - Chapter III - Dr. Philip - “Defender of the Hottentots”
From the book: The Role of the Missionaries in conquest by Nosipho Majeke Herrenvolk history books present two pictures of Dr. John Philip, Superintendent of…
Books and further reading links relating to Right to Organise
Trouble in Natal - 20 00 Women rioted in Cato Manor over living conditions and government beerhalls and passes for women. Photo by Drum photographer © Baileys…
ArticleGrade 6 - Term 1: Kingdoms of southern Africa: Mapungubwe, Thulamela and Great Zimbabwe
This topic describes the history of the southern African kingdoms of Mapungubwe, Thulamela and Great Zimbabwe with a special look at how they were organised…
Glossary: Kingdoms of southern Africa: Mapungubwe, Thulamela and Great Zimbabwe
Key terms with definitions for this topic Islam: the Muslim religion, based on belief in one God and revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah …
ArticleMahatma Karamchand Gandhi Timeline 1940-1948
1940 - 1948 1942 August 9, Gandhi is arrested in the early hours of the morning under the Defence of India Rules following the "Quit India" resolution and…
ArticleKey terms with definitions for this topic
Islam: the Muslim religion, based on belief in one God and revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah Kingdom: an area controlled by a particular…
South Africa’s armed struggle: where the ANC’s ineptitude was a virtue by Howard Barrell (The Conversation), 10 July 2016, University of Pretoria
Whatever the virtues of South Africa’s governing African National Congress (ANC) – we are assured it still has a few – it was never any good at armed struggle…
Year of women of South Africa by E.S. Reddy
she's going to travel very far I was born in 1925 and grew up near Hermitage Street, on the hill in Paarl. We were four brothers and four sisters. My father,…
Address by President Nelson Mandela to the 1995 National Conference of IDASA Cape Town, 18 August 1995
Ladies and gentlemen, One of South Africa's most valuable assets is the vibrant civil society that its people forged in the struggle for freedom. On its…